Greenhouse cultivation of lily of the establishment of good is necessary. Should have sufficient air volume by selecting the capacity of the greenhouse, to achieve the optimum climate conditions lily, it also means to have enough space to install the shade in the greenhouse, irrigation and lighting facilities.
Greenhouse light transmission is very important, especially in the light of the lack of winter, insufficient light will lead off the lily buds and quality degradation. In the rest of the year, the greenhouse ventilation is necessary to reduce soil temperature and the temperature of the work.
In many parts of the heating system is necessary. Asian hybrids to be at room temperature in the greenhouse 8 ℃ to 14 ℃, while other species require temperature of 16 ℃.
To meet the temperature requirements, the general power of the greenhouse heating system takes about 220 watts per cubic meter per hour. As the heat pipe heat distribution better and easier to control the climate, which is the best choice, but can also be air heating system. To ensure the heating system can provide a satisfactory heat distribution, there is a burning hot to the export of free emission is important. If the heating system does not adjust, ethylene gas will enter the greenhouse cause bud drop. Of course, through the pipe or flexible hose (maximum temperature 40 ℃) buried in beds down for heating is also possible. And there is another advantage of the system to keep plants dry to prevent Botrytis fungus diseases.
Increased carbon dioxide in the air should be promoted. Lily because of its growth, flowering are very useful, and make plants more robust and reduce the drop buds. Carbon dioxide from the burner, the central boiler or pure carbon dioxide. If the greenhouse ventilators and doors are closed or kept to a minimum amount of ventilation, and there is enough light for the assimilation of carbon dioxide, in the morning light when you can begin to provide carbon dioxide, and maintained for several hours or even all day.
When there is light, for 24 hours to add carbon dioxide. For the control of carbon dioxide concentration at the appropriate level, is necessary to regularly check the use of simple instruments concentration of carbon dioxide. To prevent plant damage by carbon dioxide and ethylene, burning should be controlled in the best condition, and installation of security equipment in order to quickly reflect any possible problems.
Irrigation systems for the most important thing is to make the water distribution. Lack of water or too much water will impede the growth of lily, the small plant, some sensitive species or even dehydration.
Irrigation system is ideal, it allows uniform distribution of moisture and dust on plants can be washed. In addition, the relative humidity is low, the sprinkler system can also cool to the crop.
In the late planting, dense growth, use low or drip irrigation system to prevent high and top-heavy plants lodging, especially in the winter. In addition, to keep plants drier state, can reduce Botrytis infection bacteria may be. This is sensitive to the Botrytis fungus varieties and growing plants in areas of high humidity or high humidity the year when the plant is very important.
Sprinkler system must meet the following technical requirements: irrigation system in the 1.6 to 2.15 meters height between. The distance between the irrigation tube should be between 2.2 to 3.2 meters. The distance between adjacent nozzles is at least 1 meter. Each nozzle should be 4 liters per minute of water spray. Water pressure should be 1.5 to 2 bar (kg / square centimeter). Filter hole should be 1 to 400 microns.
Soil temperature
High-temperature period, cooling the soil by soil temperature remained normal. Cooling system into the soil 45 cm deep by a thin pipe, 4 tubes per bed. With cooling water or spring water to regulate soil temperature and keep it at the desired temperature. This can make the plant a higher, more robust, more bud meristem.
Light on lily growth and development of significant influence. Depending on the season, origin location, the amount of greenhouse light transmission and the different cultivars, to give the corresponding light.
Photosynthesis, light is insufficient light will cause poor plant growth, caused by lily buds off the plants become weak, shallow and leaves shortened vase life. Lilies need plenty of light to meet their development of flower buds. The lack of light in winter conditions, from the flower buds to 1-2 cm to the harvest, a large number of mutant white and down to go. Asian hybrid is off the buds of the most sensitive type, but in very different between the varieties. Less sensitive Lilium hybrids, Oriental hybrids less sensitive.
For winter cultivation, according to latitude and climate, growers must ensure that sufficient light penetration into the greenhouse. Not shade the greenhouse around, even with the shade of plastic film, the transmittance of the greenhouse will also greatly reduced. In the winter, should be planted varieties are not sensitive to light and the bulb should be appropriate to increase the distance between the planting.
Add light, lily bud should start 1-2 cm. Photosynthetic light is available every 10 square meters fitted with a special reflective capacity of 400 watt sun lamp to provide.
Day length day length affect flowering lily.
In the short day period, the artificial extension of day length can make some of the early flowering lily varieties.
Some of the varieties of Oriental hybrids, extending the length of the light is very beneficial. Spring planting new bulbs, planting cycle to last more than 100 days.
Artificially extend the day length is only applicable to spring planting new bulbs. If for fall planting, cultivation cycle will be shortened, but development is too fast, so the stem is not strong enough. 50% up from the buds, lily day length should be increased to 16 hours for 6 weeks or until you see the bud. Natural light there should be a day before or after the disappearance of the light bulb to extend the sunshine. But light can also be cycle (10 min illumination, 10 min dark), but the effect is not the way to good.
Extended light treatment, can enter the market in the spring Oriental hybrid lily earlier than others. Oriental hybrids, but will slightly shorter stems and buds off the possibility of increase.
When natural sunlight in 16 hours or more, to add sunshine has no meaning, because its role is too small.
From the control climate and in the winter to save energy point of view, the use of shading devices is necessary. An activity does not exclude too much light shade is ideal equipment. Especially in spring, autumn and winter light is weak, the plants of the light-sensitive conditions, should make maximum use of natural light. In the light more than the minimum required amount of light when coated with a layer of lime in a greenhouse roof or shade cloth (preferably outside in a greenhouse roof) coated with a layer of lime will be better. Time in the fall to remove the shade. Shade can also use the first three weeks after planting.
Make the best use of water vapor through the shade material.
1 Good soil structure and drainage is crucial for the success of cultivation. Need to have adequate soil moisture, nutrients and oxygen.
2 In the six weeks prior to planting, soil samples to be taken in order to obtain information on soil pH, total salinity, chlorine levels, etc., and to determine soil fertility.
3. Appropriate pH level of the lily root growth and mineral nutrient absorption is very important.
4 Lily of the salt sensitive. If the soil is too high content of salt and chlorine, then rinse thoroughly before planting soil.
5. If you need to fertilize it, should be adequate facilities in the three weeks before planting.
Lily can grow in all soils.
However, to ensure cultivation of the soil with a good structure, especially in the upper soil, and good throughout the growth stages of irrigation is very important. Adhesive strength of the soil is not suitable for cultivation of lilies. Best to keep the grass roots of the humus soil 30 cm thick, it can contain enough moisture in the soil of oxygen, the increase in the upper soil aeration. In addition to water and nutrients, the soil oxygen on lily development is also very important. Topsoil is not enough land application of ripening straw, rice bran, pine needles, a mixture of peat and other improvements.
Soil pH due to the lily root growth and mineral nutrient absorption is very important.
If the pH is too low, will lead to excessive absorption of mineral nutrients, such as manganese, sulfur and iron; However, the pH is too high, will lead to phosphorus, manganese and iron absorption deficiencies, resulting in nutrient deficiency disease. Asian hybrid lily and Lilium longiflorum, the soil pH 6 to 7 is normal; and hybrids of the East, the soil pH should be 5.5 to 6.5. In order to reduce the pH, peat can be applied to the topsoil. N urea and ammonium fertilizers, can also reduce soil pH.
Lily is a shallow-rooted plants, but it does require good soil to be irrigated, and at least 40 cm deep. With particular attention to is this: If the soil salt content is too high, the growing of two crops often need to dip between the flooded soil.
Lily is very sensitive to salt, high salt content can inhibit the absorption of water on the roots, which will affect the plant stem length. There are three levels of soil salinity impact factor:
1. The salinity of fertilizer
(2) irrigation water salinity
3 Previous Crops salinity
In the six weeks before planting Flower Bulbs, plant to extract soil samples to obtain information about soil pH, total salt content, total and mineral nutrition of the total amount of chlorine and other information. If higher levels of salt or chlorine, you should use the appropriate water rinse, wash the soil thoroughly to make sure, because it can prevent the degradation of soil structure. When using fresh organic fertilizer should ensure that salt is not too high, and be careful not to use large quantities of inorganic fertilizer.
According to the soil structure, nutrition, salt content, should be applied before planting the complete decomposition of organic fertilizer. Such as one ton per 100 square meters Shi decomposition of cow dung, can improve the soil play a role. However, in heavy clay soil quality and yield in rich manure application on soil structure often have the opposite effect, leading to soil hardening. Therefore, the use of peat or compost more appropriate analogues, sand or lava sand is also occasionally used, usually with fresh manure high salt.
Cultivation of the first three weeks, without a high level of nutrition lily. Then pay attention to cultivate roots, no salt damage is very important. For the shortage of soil nutrients, inorganic fertilizer can be applied such as: phosphorus, potassium, etc. (see soil analysis results), because during the dressing of these compounds in the cultivation is impossible. We know that Lily is very sensitive to the fluoride, which causes leaf zoom (especially soil pH is low), fluorine-containing fertilizers have been phosphate, phosphate, superphosphate and so on. We should not use fluoride in fertilizers, such as calcium phosphate.
Irrigation water salinity (EC) will affect the total soil salt content. Therefore, the salinity of irrigation water should be less than 0.5 (EC) or less. Water salinity (EC) is about 0.1. When a large number of irrigation and in the summer, spring or surface water salinity levels rise drastically. Lily of the irrigation water containing chlorinated compounds have the highest acceptable value, greenhouse irrigation water is 200 milligrams per liter, 450 mg per liter for the outdoors.
Use more than the standard water irrigation, the soil should remain wet in order to prevent the salt concentration is too high. If the soil is too dry, too high salt concentration occurs.
After arrival, the bulbs should be immediately to the wet soil types. Not frozen bulbs (new plants 12-2 months) and thaw bulbs should be planted in the same day or a day later.
The bulbs should be frozen slowly thawed, the bags are generally open on the 10 ℃ to 15 ℃ thawed. High-temperature thawing can cause reduced quality of lily. Once the bulbs after thawing, it can not be frozen, because there will be danger of frost damage. If it is not complete without a planting bulbs frozen and thawed, you can put them under 2 ℃ 0 ℃ to save, but can only be stored for 2 weeks; in under 5 ℃ 2 ℃ to save, can only store one week at the same time to open plastic bags.
Storage and storage temperature will cause a longer time to germinate. If you save the packing is not good, bulbs will dry dehydrated, resulting in shorter stem and bud decreased. In addition, the bulbous breathing reason, the inside temperature will be higher than the temperature of storage space, should be promptly cooled.
When the conditions are right, that is, plants growing there is sufficient sunlight and a sufficiently low temperature, it is best to use the smallest lily bulbs. However, if the shortage of winter in the sun too hot in summer or in cultivation, you should use a larger bulb. We should note that the East and some Asian groups in the hybrid cultivars, species often have large bulbous leaf margin scorch risk.
The choice also depends on bulb size required for flower quality. As a general rule, the smaller bulbs, each branch buds stems less; the shorter stems, more plants will be light.
Lily can be grown in the greenhouse glass or plastic greenhouses, or directly Zuoqi cultivated or planted in the box. Facilities to ensure the crops cultivated from harsh climate, but also easy to control the environment.
Only in those growing areas are suitable for the climate during the period, in order to make lily outdoor cultivation. The need for those outdoor growers realize strong winds, hail, frost, and Staphylococcus aureus disease on lily hazards.
Demanding outdoor cultivation cultivation and management techniques. To keep wetting, good drainage and irrigation systems. In the summer, in order to obtain sufficiently high stems, wind and shade facilities are very necessary. Also, select cultivars (varieties of long or short stem stem varieties) is also essential.
In the first three weeks of planting, lily bulbs before planting by the formation of roots to absorb water, oxygen and nutrients. Therefore, the cultivation of a vibrant, disease-free, fleshy bulbs are very important. Lily of the stem started to grow when the soil, that is buried in the earth of the stem and root when the soil began to grow, new roots will soon replace these bulbs, the plants provide more than 90% moisture and nutrients. Lily in order to harvest high-quality, long roots will certainly make good. To ensure that the roots can grow well, we should bear in mind the following points:
1 can only be lily planted in the soil of disease-free.
2 To ensure adequate soil cool. Before planting will take this into account, you can use shading, ventilation and cold water irrigation methods to cool the soil. Immediately after planting the soil covered with appropriate material, such as potting mix with fertilizer, rice bran, straw, etc., in order to prevent the intrusion of heat, dry or soil structure deterioration.
3 in the warm season, plant only in the morning or evening.
4 the temperature is high, should be postponed a day or two days planting.
5 In order to prevent the dry bulb planting time in the planting bed only when a small number of bulbs planted, or planted directly in its box.
6. The bulbs planted in wet soil, and have enough depth. Thickness of soil above the bulbs in the winter to 6-8 cm in the summer of 8 to 10 cm. To prevent the destruction of bulbous roots, soil tightness can not be too high.
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