2011年7月31日星期日
Canada’s ornamental horticulture industry
Canada ornamental horticulture industry, including flowers (Floriculture, including cut flowers, cut leaves, flower, foliage plants and bedding plants), nurseries, Christmas trees and lawn. According to the introduction of the Canadian agricultural officials, agricultural output in 2004 of $ 2.1 billion Canadian dollars, second only to wheat (24 million) and canola (Canola, 23 billion) is the third largest crop; to farm cash revenue, garden products accounted for 40%, 6% of total agricultural income. Which accounted for 46% of flowers, nursery industry accounts for 26%, 5% of trees and grass 3%. Consumers in this industry on the estimated $ 12 billion Canadian dollars traced.
Wholesale estimates, ornamental horticulture industry is mainly grown in Ontario accounted for 45%, followed by Quebec, 21%, 13% of British Columbia, other provinces together accounted for 21%. Landscape gardening is the fastest growing in the Ministry of Agriculture, the first 20 years of annual growth of 9%. Now, more than 26,000 companies, employing 200,000 people, which is about 5.1 million people employed in production, employing 3.6 million flowers, and nursery industry employs 1.3 million people. Flower farm in 2001, 4,024 homes, 4,530 homes and nursery industry, representing 5% of all farms in Canada, the total number of enterprises decreased by 7% compared with 1996, which means expanding the area of operation is the most potential for development of crops and high value crops.
Flower greenhouse in 1996 to 690 ha by 2001 to 846 hectares, an increase of 23%. Flower greenhouse area per farm from 1996 to 0.16 hectares in 2001 to 0.21 hectares, the area increased by 32%; nursery industry in 1996 the average area of 4.44 hectares each, in 2001 to 5.03 hectares, an increase of 13%, while the species lawn seller, from 52.05 hectares, increased to 62.58 hectares, an increase of 20%.
Canada due to their location is a high latitude, cold winter, greenhouse heating energy consuming, along with rising global oil prices, reduced production in the country rose, and replant tulips and Gerbera cut flowers. Canada’s export value of ornamental horticulture in 2004 Canadian dollars 453 million yuan, 10-year annual growth rate of 14%, mainly ornamental nursery stock exported to the United States accounted for 98%, such as high then rose and crabapple (Crabapple). Export production status of 61% in Ontario, British Columbia (Bristish Columbia) Province Quebec accounted for 15% and 10%; 2004 import value of 395 million Canadian dollars, mainly from the United States accounted for 46%, Netherlands 18%, Colombia 16% and 8% in Ecuador, where the main nursery supplies from the United States and the Netherlands, such as roses or some small rootstock seedlings, mainly because of Canada’s cold weather, high cost of reproduction’s sake. The flowers are mainly from Colombia and Ecuador supply. Overall, exports exceeded imports. Peninsula in Ontario, subject to the impact of Ontario, the temperature is more warm, the soil is sandy loam alluvial lake is very beneficial to seedlings fertility. However, heat energy imports more expensive and inexpensive cut flowers, so that gradually reduce the export advantage. Should find suitable flower species, such as cold strong and the development of new crops, grass seed is another important product sales increase abroad.
Canadians spending less on ornamental horticulture Europeans “flower” as a daily necessity, but also stay in luxury, and occasionally before buying the concept. 1995 per capita consumption of 25 flowers from 1995 to 2002 Canadian dollars about 48 Canadian dollars, the main cause of this increase in real estate development and strengthening of social ecological concepts due.
Wholesale estimates, ornamental horticulture industry is mainly grown in Ontario accounted for 45%, followed by Quebec, 21%, 13% of British Columbia, other provinces together accounted for 21%. Landscape gardening is the fastest growing in the Ministry of Agriculture, the first 20 years of annual growth of 9%. Now, more than 26,000 companies, employing 200,000 people, which is about 5.1 million people employed in production, employing 3.6 million flowers, and nursery industry employs 1.3 million people. Flower farm in 2001, 4,024 homes, 4,530 homes and nursery industry, representing 5% of all farms in Canada, the total number of enterprises decreased by 7% compared with 1996, which means expanding the area of operation is the most potential for development of crops and high value crops.
Flower greenhouse in 1996 to 690 ha by 2001 to 846 hectares, an increase of 23%. Flower greenhouse area per farm from 1996 to 0.16 hectares in 2001 to 0.21 hectares, the area increased by 32%; nursery industry in 1996 the average area of 4.44 hectares each, in 2001 to 5.03 hectares, an increase of 13%, while the species lawn seller, from 52.05 hectares, increased to 62.58 hectares, an increase of 20%.
Canada due to their location is a high latitude, cold winter, greenhouse heating energy consuming, along with rising global oil prices, reduced production in the country rose, and replant tulips and Gerbera cut flowers. Canada’s export value of ornamental horticulture in 2004 Canadian dollars 453 million yuan, 10-year annual growth rate of 14%, mainly ornamental nursery stock exported to the United States accounted for 98%, such as high then rose and crabapple (Crabapple). Export production status of 61% in Ontario, British Columbia (Bristish Columbia) Province Quebec accounted for 15% and 10%; 2004 import value of 395 million Canadian dollars, mainly from the United States accounted for 46%, Netherlands 18%, Colombia 16% and 8% in Ecuador, where the main nursery supplies from the United States and the Netherlands, such as roses or some small rootstock seedlings, mainly because of Canada’s cold weather, high cost of reproduction’s sake. The flowers are mainly from Colombia and Ecuador supply. Overall, exports exceeded imports. Peninsula in Ontario, subject to the impact of Ontario, the temperature is more warm, the soil is sandy loam alluvial lake is very beneficial to seedlings fertility. However, heat energy imports more expensive and inexpensive cut flowers, so that gradually reduce the export advantage. Should find suitable flower species, such as cold strong and the development of new crops, grass seed is another important product sales increase abroad.
Canadians spending less on ornamental horticulture Europeans “flower” as a daily necessity, but also stay in luxury, and occasionally before buying the concept. 1995 per capita consumption of 25 flowers from 1995 to 2002 Canadian dollars about 48 Canadian dollars, the main cause of this increase in real estate development and strengthening of social ecological concepts due.
2011年7月28日星期四
The Post Office opened in Tianjin, China 41 countries and regions, flower delivery business
With the accelerated international metropolis of Tianjin, express courier EMS flower etiquette international export services, more and more foreign customers welcome. Countries and regions now accessible from the initial 19 to 41, including the United Kingdom, United States, France, Germany, Canada, Australia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Greece, Italy, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Portugal, Brazil, Sweden, Japan, Korea, Singapore, India, Indonesia, and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan in the future will be accessible after another 146 countries and regions.
According to reports, international etiquette, sympathy Flower Delivery business for more customers, blessed birthday, special anniversary. Tianjin postal establishment of international custom flowers is based on customer needs to design different services flowers, served most countries and regions will be selected in accordance with local customs and rituals of flowers made of flowers products, compared with international prices, relatively low.
According to reports, international etiquette, sympathy Flower Delivery business for more customers, blessed birthday, special anniversary. Tianjin postal establishment of international custom flowers is based on customer needs to design different services flowers, served most countries and regions will be selected in accordance with local customs and rituals of flowers made of flowers products, compared with international prices, relatively low.
China flower delivery industry rankings
1, www.iishang.com: Love still Gifts Co., Ltd. was founded, is a flower delivery last two years, the industry developed a dark horse, first introduced 88 low-priced flowers early Yuan experience; the first flowers to create a real scene Photos model; the first blog and microblogging for the establishment of brand marketing, focusing on word of mouth, in 2010 won the love is still flowers blog the first blog Alibaba Ten Outstanding. Learned from a third party payment platform, still love flowers net trading volume now ranks first flowers B2C industries. Love still get flowers, “bosom friend”, “meaning forest”, “Liaoning Youth” and dozens of media reports, the brand influence is higher.
2, www.salala.com.cn: the earliest start Flower Delivery sites (2000), was ex-acquisitions, but the founders left, Salala again changed hands to the Beijing Ming-hung Times Network Technology Co., Ltd. . Sha La La Gift flower delivery network is the chinese postal service provider, the 1800flowers flowers internationally renowned network partners in china. Looking at the Shalala Flower, retail business has been peer catch up, now its main business focus on team business.
3, www.flowercn.com: Shenzhen Yi by the Information Technology, Ltd., was awarded the Consumer’s favorite flowers 2007,2008,2009 gift websites. Development of more stable, have good customer base.
4, www.7caihua.com: Firebird by the Information Technology Development Co., Ltd. Qingdao management, orders and order processing ability.
5, www.cnfse.com: Chongqing Dragon Technology Development Co., Ltd. was founded to bring in the national development of the 11 flower brand licensing for distribution chain management. In 2009, after two years of advertising in the form of rapid development. 2010 has a brand new love flowers delivery network.
6, www.china-gift.com: Shenzhen E-commerce Co., Ltd. was founded in ceremony network, passed ISO9001: 2000 international quality management system certification of professional flower delivery company. Is the early entry into the flower web site Taobao, Taobao Mall is currently ranking the first flower delivery.
7, www.ourbloom.com: Network Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing flowers set operation, the original founder of Salala flowers Network founder, has now been sold to Zhejiang Xinchang Toshima Holdings. Flowers flower shop is a good self-help network trading platform. It was observed that the flowers set Toshima business direction to focus on positioning the service provider for the florist, but profit model is still not clear.
8, www.cnefs.com: Shijiazhuang Yi spent the constant acquisition and management e-commerce Co., Ltd., in 2007, consumer selection of favorite sites Top100 won the trust of flowers and gift industry’s best user award. Down the momentum of development last year.
9, www.5288.com: Beijing five thousand two hundred eighty-eight Information Technology, Ltd., mainly Direct franchise florist + florists + flower processing sales + DM + phone order flowers order flowers flowers online sales sales + specific operations mode. Currently ranked in declining industries.
10, www.flowershop.org.cn: is the entity formed flower shop online flower shop Alliance. Founded in 2004, the Union is trying to shop between some good cooperation, but mainly by members of store management and self-discipline, lack of a more comprehensive management, it is difficult bigger, but this model is worthy of attention.
2, www.salala.com.cn: the earliest start Flower Delivery sites (2000), was ex-acquisitions, but the founders left, Salala again changed hands to the Beijing Ming-hung Times Network Technology Co., Ltd. . Sha La La Gift flower delivery network is the chinese postal service provider, the 1800flowers flowers internationally renowned network partners in china. Looking at the Shalala Flower, retail business has been peer catch up, now its main business focus on team business.
3, www.flowercn.com: Shenzhen Yi by the Information Technology, Ltd., was awarded the Consumer’s favorite flowers 2007,2008,2009 gift websites. Development of more stable, have good customer base.
4, www.7caihua.com: Firebird by the Information Technology Development Co., Ltd. Qingdao management, orders and order processing ability.
5, www.cnfse.com: Chongqing Dragon Technology Development Co., Ltd. was founded to bring in the national development of the 11 flower brand licensing for distribution chain management. In 2009, after two years of advertising in the form of rapid development. 2010 has a brand new love flowers delivery network.
6, www.china-gift.com: Shenzhen E-commerce Co., Ltd. was founded in ceremony network, passed ISO9001: 2000 international quality management system certification of professional flower delivery company. Is the early entry into the flower web site Taobao, Taobao Mall is currently ranking the first flower delivery.
7, www.ourbloom.com: Network Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing flowers set operation, the original founder of Salala flowers Network founder, has now been sold to Zhejiang Xinchang Toshima Holdings. Flowers flower shop is a good self-help network trading platform. It was observed that the flowers set Toshima business direction to focus on positioning the service provider for the florist, but profit model is still not clear.
8, www.cnefs.com: Shijiazhuang Yi spent the constant acquisition and management e-commerce Co., Ltd., in 2007, consumer selection of favorite sites Top100 won the trust of flowers and gift industry’s best user award. Down the momentum of development last year.
9, www.5288.com: Beijing five thousand two hundred eighty-eight Information Technology, Ltd., mainly Direct franchise florist + florists + flower processing sales + DM + phone order flowers order flowers flowers online sales sales + specific operations mode. Currently ranked in declining industries.
10, www.flowershop.org.cn: is the entity formed flower shop online flower shop Alliance. Founded in 2004, the Union is trying to shop between some good cooperation, but mainly by members of store management and self-discipline, lack of a more comprehensive management, it is difficult bigger, but this model is worthy of attention.
China flower delivery industry Prospects
As the flower industry into the development of a shorter period of time, so from the whole, over ninety percent of the national flower relatively small scale, the industry is still in the early market stage. In recent years, retail and service co-existence of pure flowers from retail florists to courier, dried floral, home design, environmental design, wedding etiquette and other new fields. Although the input on the development of flower fashion features, but due to the impact of the traditional mode of operation, the philosophy is still followed the traditional means to promote oral communication, most florists lack of brand awareness and develop a new marketing channels and promotion way to become the primary consideration flower business.
With the development of information technology, the Internet has penetrated into every aspect of daily life, businesses and consumers to become active primary means of access to product information. The increasing popularity of e-business applications and e-commerce sites continue to emerge so gradually showing flowers online trading broad market prospects.
china Flower Delivery industry experts on the Review:
1, flower delivery status of the industry
Flower delivery is a special industry, this industry has a dual nature:
1) In China, this is an emerging industry, the market in the training phase.
Flowers and people generally do not receive flowers in one place, if you buy at the local flowers on a friend, then you need to transport, packaging and preservation issues as a single bouquet of flowers made by the logistics of distribution trans-regional transport almost impossible, so many people and clear flowers can be sent to “remote” play “Internet,” the majority of young people, but “off-site to send flowers,” this matter is that many young people do not know, which illustrates a problem in this industry market is still in “incubation” stage! While abroad, flower delivery industry is relatively mature, has also been like 1-800-flowers that over $ 700 million market capitalization of listed companies.
2) This is the Internet’s most competitive industry
Although many people do not know flower delivery, flower delivery, but on the Internet is the most competitive industries. As the flower delivery industry profits and low threshold, making the industry highly competitive. Before 2010, Baidu, Yahoo, GOOGLE do bid advertised in all cases when the flowers (flower industry is a big customer industry search engine). Now the country can find flower delivery service providing companies have thousands, Taobao and there was more than 3,000 flower delivery, and competition can be imagined.
3, flower delivery industry prospects
Foreign 1800flowers has a market value of listed companies hundreds of millions of dollars, relatively speaking, China flower delivery industry is young, and now the market cultivation stage, or should, allow consumers to order flowers online send flowers to accept this model also need to process . Domestic flower delivery to single business model advantage is the rapid delivery, order flowers, under a single person can be a few hours after the flowers delivered; but there are many drawbacks, such as flowers and services can not reach a uniform standard, which is not domestic flowers Network be the size of the reasons listed companies, and even loss of many flowers still in the edge network. But the positive is that after years of hard work, a lot of flowers are also focusing on developing network Direct channels. I believe the next few years is the flower network channels and modes of innovation, as well as bigger brands the best chance.
With the development of information technology, the Internet has penetrated into every aspect of daily life, businesses and consumers to become active primary means of access to product information. The increasing popularity of e-business applications and e-commerce sites continue to emerge so gradually showing flowers online trading broad market prospects.
china Flower Delivery industry experts on the Review:
1, flower delivery status of the industry
Flower delivery is a special industry, this industry has a dual nature:
1) In China, this is an emerging industry, the market in the training phase.
Flowers and people generally do not receive flowers in one place, if you buy at the local flowers on a friend, then you need to transport, packaging and preservation issues as a single bouquet of flowers made by the logistics of distribution trans-regional transport almost impossible, so many people and clear flowers can be sent to “remote” play “Internet,” the majority of young people, but “off-site to send flowers,” this matter is that many young people do not know, which illustrates a problem in this industry market is still in “incubation” stage! While abroad, flower delivery industry is relatively mature, has also been like 1-800-flowers that over $ 700 million market capitalization of listed companies.
2) This is the Internet’s most competitive industry
Although many people do not know flower delivery, flower delivery, but on the Internet is the most competitive industries. As the flower delivery industry profits and low threshold, making the industry highly competitive. Before 2010, Baidu, Yahoo, GOOGLE do bid advertised in all cases when the flowers (flower industry is a big customer industry search engine). Now the country can find flower delivery service providing companies have thousands, Taobao and there was more than 3,000 flower delivery, and competition can be imagined.
3, flower delivery industry prospects
Foreign 1800flowers has a market value of listed companies hundreds of millions of dollars, relatively speaking, China flower delivery industry is young, and now the market cultivation stage, or should, allow consumers to order flowers online send flowers to accept this model also need to process . Domestic flower delivery to single business model advantage is the rapid delivery, order flowers, under a single person can be a few hours after the flowers delivered; but there are many drawbacks, such as flowers and services can not reach a uniform standard, which is not domestic flowers Network be the size of the reasons listed companies, and even loss of many flowers still in the edge network. But the positive is that after years of hard work, a lot of flowers are also focusing on developing network Direct channels. I believe the next few years is the flower network channels and modes of innovation, as well as bigger brands the best chance.
2011年7月26日星期二
Campanula florid and beautiful legends
Greek mythical bluebells, the sun god Apollo loved. Jealous of the west put the disc thrown at the head of bluebells, then flow out of the blood spilled on the ground, then out of Campanula flowers. Therefore, it is the language of flowers is jealous. Those who are born this blessed people to spend, Du Zhanyu strong hope lover twenty-four hours of their own. However, this will likely be counter-productive!
Like the personality of Campanula:
1. Creativity. Commemorate the fifth century AD, Parry Archbishop of Canterbury Italian saint, and his artistic talent for people to create many beautiful poems. Thus, the language of flowers, flower creativity. Where the blessing of this flower is born by the person who is a very excellent creativity, and thus has an attractive artistic temperament, personality independent, does not like to depend on others.
2. The blessing from afar.
3. Thanks. Like the flower you are indebted to the people, others give you grace, you will bear them in mind.
4. Gentle love.
There is no perfect person, including yourself.
The legend of Bellflower:
As night fell, all things sleep
Campanula not sleep alone, Azi and Lily’s love for her tales of love and a desire for a curious, she exudes the fragrance at night, in this special way, thinking about the future muddle of hope.
The only good news is that wind chimes can be turned into the grass family looks beautiful girls, compared to other flowers family, this is very envious of things, but when the dawn of this moment, it would mean that they The fate of the tragedy began.
If you can love one day, a person can feel distressed themselves, such memories should be arriving over the future of all of the pain, right?
What is love, give each fairy are sorry? Bluebells flower fairy who think their say:
“If I can, I really want to like you turned into a girl, emigrated with love.”
“Grass, you will not understand, and once fell in love with human beings, destined to be planted will hurt the root.” … …
A gust of wind too. Bring the crushing of the sobbing, bluebells back back to God, the horizon the sun gradually rising, dyed RBT.
She sniffed hard to finally make a decision so as not to have any regrets, she decided to spend with their powder blue bag containing a few endless love in words, then let it stand white dandelion in Haijiaotianya.
Collection of a mood, tarried a little look. Do not mistaken, RBT is the guardian of bluebells.
Like the personality of Campanula:
1. Creativity. Commemorate the fifth century AD, Parry Archbishop of Canterbury Italian saint, and his artistic talent for people to create many beautiful poems. Thus, the language of flowers, flower creativity. Where the blessing of this flower is born by the person who is a very excellent creativity, and thus has an attractive artistic temperament, personality independent, does not like to depend on others.
2. The blessing from afar.
3. Thanks. Like the flower you are indebted to the people, others give you grace, you will bear them in mind.
4. Gentle love.
There is no perfect person, including yourself.
The legend of Bellflower:
As night fell, all things sleep
Campanula not sleep alone, Azi and Lily’s love for her tales of love and a desire for a curious, she exudes the fragrance at night, in this special way, thinking about the future muddle of hope.
The only good news is that wind chimes can be turned into the grass family looks beautiful girls, compared to other flowers family, this is very envious of things, but when the dawn of this moment, it would mean that they The fate of the tragedy began.
If you can love one day, a person can feel distressed themselves, such memories should be arriving over the future of all of the pain, right?
What is love, give each fairy are sorry? Bluebells flower fairy who think their say:
“If I can, I really want to like you turned into a girl, emigrated with love.”
“Grass, you will not understand, and once fell in love with human beings, destined to be planted will hurt the root.” … …
A gust of wind too. Bring the crushing of the sobbing, bluebells back back to God, the horizon the sun gradually rising, dyed RBT.
She sniffed hard to finally make a decision so as not to have any regrets, she decided to spend with their powder blue bag containing a few endless love in words, then let it stand white dandelion in Haijiaotianya.
Collection of a mood, tarried a little look. Do not mistaken, RBT is the guardian of bluebells.
Bleach and sugar can extend life of chrysanthemum cut flowers ornamental
purpose of preservation solution used can be divided into three categories:
(1) Pre-cut flowers after harvest in liquid measure, packing shipped to market before use.
(2) Forcing flowering to promote use of liquid, usually for the harvest of cut flowers in bud stage long-distance transport or storage after use, can also be used in flower industry.
(3) refer consumers to buy cut flower vase solution after use in the home. The purpose of this study is to provide you a convenient, economical and safe liquid formulations of chrysanthemum cut flower vase.
The quality of cut flowers after harvest to maintain and extend the vase life of the common means of preservation solution. Provide consumers with a simple vase liquid formulations, to extend the life of ornamental chrysanthemum cut flowers, flowers can enhance consumer use and improve the quality of life interest. Chrysanthemum cut flower preservative, although may also cause some physical changes, but its main purpose is to
(A) inhibition of the growth of bacteria in the vase solution,
(B) to provide cut flowers after harvest growing energy source, which is to provide carbohydrates.
However, more than 40 years has been the preservation of pharmaceutical development in recent years, faced with risks to human health and environmental pollution problems, and gradually people of different social areas of concern. Choose a more secure and convenient preservation agents should be valued by everyone. Sodium hypochlorite (bleach) can be used as fresh food, fruits and vegetables health cleaning solution is an important environmental cleanliness and sanitation of the medication. On the other hand, washing their clothes as bleach or sterilization use, easy to buy in the general store, consumers and easy to use. The use of bleach available in the market as consumers watch daisy vase solution, and with the use of sucrose as a metabolic energy, can extend the vase life of chrysanthemum.
Chrysanthemum leaves and flowers after harvest drop of water will cause wilting phenomenon of tension, the initial reason for the physical obstruction of the air due to moisture absorption and evaporation of the imbalance will result in increasing the number of catheter useless. The easiest way is to plug the base of the part cut off gas conduit, immediately into the water. Followed arise from the propagation of bacteria, so that bacterial cells blocked the stem base surface of the catheter lumen.
While the physiological role of bacteria caused the collapse of plant cells, and the collapse of residues, if the gum, polysaccharides also blocked catheter. On the other hand, many bacteria secrete polysaccharides in cells outside the duct is blocked “murderer.” The test showed that sodium hypochlorite have improved water balance, the effect of extending the vase life of chrysanthemum. Speculated that the main reason for the inhibition of bacterial growth.
Chrysanthemum cut flowers or potted ornamental period after harvest, the leaves of the transport and consumption of carbohydrates to leaf yellowing and aging of the reason, while watching the life of the pointer. To provide sufficient carbohydrates, sucrose as an energy source also improve the quality of cut flowers to extend the vase life of chrysanthemum essential element. In the trial, also confirmed that both a fungicide and preservative liquid sucrose to have the largest flowers and the longest vase life. The addition of sucrose preservation solution without antibacterial agents more likely to cause the growth of bacteria, resulting in preservation solution turbidity.
(1) Pre-cut flowers after harvest in liquid measure, packing shipped to market before use.
(2) Forcing flowering to promote use of liquid, usually for the harvest of cut flowers in bud stage long-distance transport or storage after use, can also be used in flower industry.
(3) refer consumers to buy cut flower vase solution after use in the home. The purpose of this study is to provide you a convenient, economical and safe liquid formulations of chrysanthemum cut flower vase.
The quality of cut flowers after harvest to maintain and extend the vase life of the common means of preservation solution. Provide consumers with a simple vase liquid formulations, to extend the life of ornamental chrysanthemum cut flowers, flowers can enhance consumer use and improve the quality of life interest. Chrysanthemum cut flower preservative, although may also cause some physical changes, but its main purpose is to
(A) inhibition of the growth of bacteria in the vase solution,
(B) to provide cut flowers after harvest growing energy source, which is to provide carbohydrates.
However, more than 40 years has been the preservation of pharmaceutical development in recent years, faced with risks to human health and environmental pollution problems, and gradually people of different social areas of concern. Choose a more secure and convenient preservation agents should be valued by everyone. Sodium hypochlorite (bleach) can be used as fresh food, fruits and vegetables health cleaning solution is an important environmental cleanliness and sanitation of the medication. On the other hand, washing their clothes as bleach or sterilization use, easy to buy in the general store, consumers and easy to use. The use of bleach available in the market as consumers watch daisy vase solution, and with the use of sucrose as a metabolic energy, can extend the vase life of chrysanthemum.
Chrysanthemum leaves and flowers after harvest drop of water will cause wilting phenomenon of tension, the initial reason for the physical obstruction of the air due to moisture absorption and evaporation of the imbalance will result in increasing the number of catheter useless. The easiest way is to plug the base of the part cut off gas conduit, immediately into the water. Followed arise from the propagation of bacteria, so that bacterial cells blocked the stem base surface of the catheter lumen.
While the physiological role of bacteria caused the collapse of plant cells, and the collapse of residues, if the gum, polysaccharides also blocked catheter. On the other hand, many bacteria secrete polysaccharides in cells outside the duct is blocked “murderer.” The test showed that sodium hypochlorite have improved water balance, the effect of extending the vase life of chrysanthemum. Speculated that the main reason for the inhibition of bacterial growth.
Chrysanthemum cut flowers or potted ornamental period after harvest, the leaves of the transport and consumption of carbohydrates to leaf yellowing and aging of the reason, while watching the life of the pointer. To provide sufficient carbohydrates, sucrose as an energy source also improve the quality of cut flowers to extend the vase life of chrysanthemum essential element. In the trial, also confirmed that both a fungicide and preservative liquid sucrose to have the largest flowers and the longest vase life. The addition of sucrose preservation solution without antibacterial agents more likely to cause the growth of bacteria, resulting in preservation solution turbidity.
Rose Why bend?
“Elbow” usually refers to the rose stem under the first bend. Elbow mainly dehydration caused by flowers. Loss of water through breathing flowers than plants absorb water (such as catheter obstruction), resulting in smaller stems internal pressure has been generated will not be affected part of the xylem of the stem (xylem structure as has been strong enough), but close to the flower head, still relatively soft part of the easy problems.
Easily lead to elbow one of the most common reason for premature harvesting cut flowers, stems too tender. In addition, the planting period phosphorus is too small can easily lead to produce elbow phenomenon. Elbow also has a lot and rose varieties, some varieties of roses large surface pores, respiration strong, easier to bend.
Measures to prevent elbow
In the growers at:
Harvest degrees to the right; after harvest can benefit with a fresh RVB (Rose-specific pre-processing product) to do pre-processing, to prevent elbow.
The wholesaler, florist at:
Can benefit through the purchase of fresh pre-cut; cut roots 2-5 cm, can benefit immediately placed in fresh medium to maintain professional 2.
The consumer at:
Vase before the cut roots 2-5 cm; use can benefit a small package of fresh preservative.
Easily lead to elbow one of the most common reason for premature harvesting cut flowers, stems too tender. In addition, the planting period phosphorus is too small can easily lead to produce elbow phenomenon. Elbow also has a lot and rose varieties, some varieties of roses large surface pores, respiration strong, easier to bend.
Measures to prevent elbow
In the growers at:
Harvest degrees to the right; after harvest can benefit with a fresh RVB (Rose-specific pre-processing product) to do pre-processing, to prevent elbow.
The wholesaler, florist at:
Can benefit through the purchase of fresh pre-cut; cut roots 2-5 cm, can benefit immediately placed in fresh medium to maintain professional 2.
The consumer at:
Vase before the cut roots 2-5 cm; use can benefit a small package of fresh preservative.
2011年7月22日星期五
Increased use of heat-resistant flowers
recent years, with the hot season in advance, a variety of heat-resistant flowers began landscaping play an increasingly important role, especially in the Beijing Olympic Games, 90th anniversary celebrations and other events from July to September in the hottest summer holding period, so all flowers agents increased the introduction of heat-resistant varieties of flowers, which undoubtedly contributed to the speed of its application.
Increased use of selected breeding a new direction
Currently, a large part of china flower beds are placed for municipal projects, such as the 2008 Beijing Olympics and the 2010 Shanghai World Expo and this year’s 90th anniversary, flowers are used a lot of landscaping. Among them, the application of heat-resistant varieties to increase year by year, the industry generally believe that this will be the flowers after the application of a trend.
Flowers Beijing Hui Yuan’s day flowers flower arrangement undertaken by the Institute’s National Day in Tiananmen Square for over 20 years of history, and assumed the introduction of some Olympic flowers screening, Ding Liang’s charge that the production base, heat-resistant flowers market is very promising outdoor changeable climate with July and August high temperatures, the heat resistance of the raised flower beds a very high demand. Now, many bright colors of the flowers because of poor heat resistance, with flowers during the height of the lack of application, if the breeding company through some of the breeding methods to enhance the heat resistance of these flowers will be favored by the market. “From the days of Hui Yuan Institute construction so many years of production experience, choose the right variety is very important. Each flower has different habits, tolerance to high temperature are not the same, this is the flower’s own genes decision, and therefore should be chosen when the production and application of heat resistance of some varieties of flowers, so as to save costs, while ensuring a better visual effect. “Ding Liang said.
Now, many breeders have started to develop a more heat-resistant flower beds. Sakata Seed (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. Business Development flower head Li Yuanyuan said that with global climate warming, heat-resistant rain of flowers is a great market potential of the species, its usage has been increasing, but the real resistance hot flower types is very limited, the imbalance between supply and demand is still in the state. The breed resistance, wide adaptability of the flowers is Sakata’s primary goals, such as heat resistance, rain resistance of the superb varieties of impatiens ‘Sang times Sri Lanka’ in the international market is very popular. Syngenta (China) Investment Co., Ltd. Wang Yajun flower business manager, said Syngenta Flowers around the world now have established business relationship, after the germplasm resource sharing, there will be more new, quality traits of products enter the market.
Enhanced moisture resistance to complement perennial flowers
Heat-resistant varieties of planting time is short, fast market, many northern species can be planted outdoors, greatly reducing costs. Up before the Beijing Olympics, Beijing has increased its efforts to bring plant varieties, only before the hibiscus, okra and a few large flowers flowers bloom in summer. After the introduction, now flowering in the summer than 500 kinds of flowers. So, can flower through the cultivation techniques to improve the heat resistance of it?
Reporters get the answer almost always negative. Beijing Forestry University Technology Seed Industry Co., Ltd. flowers manager Jinwen Dong said, cultivation techniques on the impact of heat-resistant varieties of itself is not great. The first is a heat-resistant plant genes, and therefore the means or through breeding to increase their heat resistance, such as the breeding ground to move from tropical and subtropical temperate, or by means of hybrid varieties of heat to change the limit. Wang Yajun, told reporters, in many cases that can not stand the heat-resistant plants, in fact, nature is resistant to high temperature plus high humidity environment can not stand. This environment is very unfavorable for plant growth, pests and diseases likely to produce, so in the cultivation process should take the necessary ventilation. Li Yuanyuan also believes that the hot summer heat and humidity is a distinctive feature, commonly known as “sauna day”, so heat-resistant flowers in cultivation, we must also consider the resistance of the rain of flowers. Sakata’s Begonia ‘Ambassador’ series and the “Members” series, Coleus, “route” series, Petunia “Merlin” series, Summer Viola “kiss” series and zinnia “rich” series, is based on this considerations and nurtured, they are more suitable for the chinese market varieties.
Ding Liang suggested that the landscaping, to increase the application of perennial flowers, perennial flowers, because the winter is generally able to secure over-summering, so its heat resistance is good. But he also said that the general heat-resistant flowers late spring germination, plant morphology smaller, ornamental traits will decline, but the early varieties of poor heat resistance and better performance. Overall, it should be used with heat-resistant varieties and non-heat-resistant varieties to meet the various periods of the flowers, leaves and the overall visual impact of the demand.
Increased use of selected breeding a new direction
Currently, a large part of china flower beds are placed for municipal projects, such as the 2008 Beijing Olympics and the 2010 Shanghai World Expo and this year’s 90th anniversary, flowers are used a lot of landscaping. Among them, the application of heat-resistant varieties to increase year by year, the industry generally believe that this will be the flowers after the application of a trend.
Flowers Beijing Hui Yuan’s day flowers flower arrangement undertaken by the Institute’s National Day in Tiananmen Square for over 20 years of history, and assumed the introduction of some Olympic flowers screening, Ding Liang’s charge that the production base, heat-resistant flowers market is very promising outdoor changeable climate with July and August high temperatures, the heat resistance of the raised flower beds a very high demand. Now, many bright colors of the flowers because of poor heat resistance, with flowers during the height of the lack of application, if the breeding company through some of the breeding methods to enhance the heat resistance of these flowers will be favored by the market. “From the days of Hui Yuan Institute construction so many years of production experience, choose the right variety is very important. Each flower has different habits, tolerance to high temperature are not the same, this is the flower’s own genes decision, and therefore should be chosen when the production and application of heat resistance of some varieties of flowers, so as to save costs, while ensuring a better visual effect. “Ding Liang said.
Now, many breeders have started to develop a more heat-resistant flower beds. Sakata Seed (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. Business Development flower head Li Yuanyuan said that with global climate warming, heat-resistant rain of flowers is a great market potential of the species, its usage has been increasing, but the real resistance hot flower types is very limited, the imbalance between supply and demand is still in the state. The breed resistance, wide adaptability of the flowers is Sakata’s primary goals, such as heat resistance, rain resistance of the superb varieties of impatiens ‘Sang times Sri Lanka’ in the international market is very popular. Syngenta (China) Investment Co., Ltd. Wang Yajun flower business manager, said Syngenta Flowers around the world now have established business relationship, after the germplasm resource sharing, there will be more new, quality traits of products enter the market.
Enhanced moisture resistance to complement perennial flowers
Heat-resistant varieties of planting time is short, fast market, many northern species can be planted outdoors, greatly reducing costs. Up before the Beijing Olympics, Beijing has increased its efforts to bring plant varieties, only before the hibiscus, okra and a few large flowers flowers bloom in summer. After the introduction, now flowering in the summer than 500 kinds of flowers. So, can flower through the cultivation techniques to improve the heat resistance of it?
Reporters get the answer almost always negative. Beijing Forestry University Technology Seed Industry Co., Ltd. flowers manager Jinwen Dong said, cultivation techniques on the impact of heat-resistant varieties of itself is not great. The first is a heat-resistant plant genes, and therefore the means or through breeding to increase their heat resistance, such as the breeding ground to move from tropical and subtropical temperate, or by means of hybrid varieties of heat to change the limit. Wang Yajun, told reporters, in many cases that can not stand the heat-resistant plants, in fact, nature is resistant to high temperature plus high humidity environment can not stand. This environment is very unfavorable for plant growth, pests and diseases likely to produce, so in the cultivation process should take the necessary ventilation. Li Yuanyuan also believes that the hot summer heat and humidity is a distinctive feature, commonly known as “sauna day”, so heat-resistant flowers in cultivation, we must also consider the resistance of the rain of flowers. Sakata’s Begonia ‘Ambassador’ series and the “Members” series, Coleus, “route” series, Petunia “Merlin” series, Summer Viola “kiss” series and zinnia “rich” series, is based on this considerations and nurtured, they are more suitable for the chinese market varieties.
Ding Liang suggested that the landscaping, to increase the application of perennial flowers, perennial flowers, because the winter is generally able to secure over-summering, so its heat resistance is good. But he also said that the general heat-resistant flowers late spring germination, plant morphology smaller, ornamental traits will decline, but the early varieties of poor heat resistance and better performance. Overall, it should be used with heat-resistant varieties and non-heat-resistant varieties to meet the various periods of the flowers, leaves and the overall visual impact of the demand.
Kenya’s flower exports face transport problems
prices, making the Kenyan flower exporters have to consider the way flower exports by sea transport to reduce the rising cost of air, but try and make the quality of Kenya’s flowers lose their aura.
In the main producing areas in Kenya that Visa flowers, flower growers have been plagued by rising freight rates for the exports reached 70 billion shillings in the flower exporting countries, to ensure timely delivery of flowers in Europe, the Americas and Asia clients in the hands of essential. Visa flowers that Mr. JosephKariuki CEO, said: “Group 48 under the existing farms engaged in a variety of horticultural products grown flowers. Flower harvested 48 hours after the hand can reach the end consumer the most ideal, but the use of scheduled maritime transport to reach the target market approach simply unrealistic.
Currently, the Kenya Flower Exporters Association is working actively to seek consultations with the airlines, the air to gain access to a reasonable price, promptly after picking the flowers delivered to the world’s major consumer of flowers. In addition to freight, flights of instability has also restricted the export of Kenyan flowers, such as volcanic eruptions in Iceland in April last year, due to flight cancellations, only three days gave Kenya one billion shillings on the flowers causing economic losses.
Back in 2007, the global conference on climate change, Kenya raised by maritime transport should be appropriate to strengthen the response to the export of flowers, floral requirements for operators of transport channels and more affordable way, maritime transport has become the time to consider alternative .
Kenya Horticultural Crops Council began last year with the Association of Kenya Fresh Produce Exporters, try to take small quantities by sea transport of certain horticultural produce. Involved in this work, a company manager, said: “try for a year, it can be said to some extent successful, but the company still will not dare to promote this approach, unless a very strong grasp of.”
Ms. Kenya Flower Council chief executive JaneNgige have the same considerations, she said: “The Kenya flower has been known for high quality European market, but if the use of shipping to the European market, at least two weeks, fresh flowers, a problem a year of try to show that the carnations in the temperature-controlled transport conditions is no problem, but accounted for 60% of Kenyan flower production of roses, but can not afford such a long shipping time, resulting in decreased quality of flowers. “Thus, sea flowers under special circumstances should be last resort measures.
However, as international crude oil prices continue to rise, so that flower industry have heightened tensions, the marine transport as an important alternative approach. Insiders said: “The sea and air than can save at least 60% of freight costs, effectively cutting the company’s annual operating costs.”
At the same time, maximizing the sea in fresh flower preservation technology products are increasingly being taken seriously, such as using special refrigerated containers, transit strict control of indoor temperature and humidity to ensure that no premature aging and other flowers.
In the main producing areas in Kenya that Visa flowers, flower growers have been plagued by rising freight rates for the exports reached 70 billion shillings in the flower exporting countries, to ensure timely delivery of flowers in Europe, the Americas and Asia clients in the hands of essential. Visa flowers that Mr. JosephKariuki CEO, said: “Group 48 under the existing farms engaged in a variety of horticultural products grown flowers. Flower harvested 48 hours after the hand can reach the end consumer the most ideal, but the use of scheduled maritime transport to reach the target market approach simply unrealistic.
Currently, the Kenya Flower Exporters Association is working actively to seek consultations with the airlines, the air to gain access to a reasonable price, promptly after picking the flowers delivered to the world’s major consumer of flowers. In addition to freight, flights of instability has also restricted the export of Kenyan flowers, such as volcanic eruptions in Iceland in April last year, due to flight cancellations, only three days gave Kenya one billion shillings on the flowers causing economic losses.
Back in 2007, the global conference on climate change, Kenya raised by maritime transport should be appropriate to strengthen the response to the export of flowers, floral requirements for operators of transport channels and more affordable way, maritime transport has become the time to consider alternative .
Kenya Horticultural Crops Council began last year with the Association of Kenya Fresh Produce Exporters, try to take small quantities by sea transport of certain horticultural produce. Involved in this work, a company manager, said: “try for a year, it can be said to some extent successful, but the company still will not dare to promote this approach, unless a very strong grasp of.”
Ms. Kenya Flower Council chief executive JaneNgige have the same considerations, she said: “The Kenya flower has been known for high quality European market, but if the use of shipping to the European market, at least two weeks, fresh flowers, a problem a year of try to show that the carnations in the temperature-controlled transport conditions is no problem, but accounted for 60% of Kenyan flower production of roses, but can not afford such a long shipping time, resulting in decreased quality of flowers. “Thus, sea flowers under special circumstances should be last resort measures.
However, as international crude oil prices continue to rise, so that flower industry have heightened tensions, the marine transport as an important alternative approach. Insiders said: “The sea and air than can save at least 60% of freight costs, effectively cutting the company’s annual operating costs.”
At the same time, maximizing the sea in fresh flower preservation technology products are increasingly being taken seriously, such as using special refrigerated containers, transit strict control of indoor temperature and humidity to ensure that no premature aging and other flowers.
Dalian, China will do the world’s Flower Gardening Forum
Dalian Municipal People’s Government and the American Horticultural Group and other units of Paul co-sponsored the theme of “city beautiful life colorful green future” of the World flower Gardening Forum will be held August 2 to 5 held in Dalian.
The forum is very strong lineup of guests. According to forum organizers, Paul century gardening (Dalian) Co., Ltd. Chairman Zhang Weidong introduced the world’s largest flower garden multinational corporations – American Horticultural Group President Paul Anna Paul will attend the meeting and the future of the world flower industry trends keynote speech. In addition to Anna Paul, the Forum will invite 18 European flower industry personalities as guest speakers, these guests from abroad, government agencies, industry organizations, universities, landscape design and construction business, flowers, nursery stock producers, integrated horticultural enterprises and media, including the United States Federation of flower production and landscape, executive vice president, U.S. Chamber of Commerce Robert Road, Lisi, United States Garden City Association President Ma Wen Miller, City of Chicago Department of Natural Resources Director, Bureau of Parks安德姆施沃诺, and the dozen published monographs of international gardening guru, University of Georgia professor Alan Armitage and so on. Forum lineup of strong, high standards and high in the areas of broad, similar meetings at home and abroad is rare.
Currently flower research, a huge gap between applications and abroad, so this forum has set up a “flower plants for human survival and development impact”, “flowering plants in the landscape of the application of innovation”, “flower of new technologies and new modes of production” and “Landscape Design and Landscape Architecture to enhance the important role of the urban environment” and four speakers. Presentation of each topic content taught by experts in the field of the most cutting-edge contemporary gardening, the most popular ideas to the domestic industry to understand the world horticultural next development.
Such as “flower plants for human survival and development impact” of the topic, speakers introduce foreign Garden City building in the public life and community harmony to bring out some changes at the same time, will present and discuss the plants and landscaping to reduce crime occurred, to improve mental health, enhance creativity, improve academic performance in school, clean the air, the role of accelerated rehabilitation, the topic is very new. The “flowering plants in the landscape of the application of innovation” theme, the participants will be able to learn to subvert the domestic landscape beautification of the traditional concept of annual, perennial flowers and ornamental grasses, ornamental nursery stock with green applied.
In addition, the Forum will introduce the core of the organization by the United States, many small and medium producers to form consortium to jointly capture the market’s success stories, which is currently scattered and not our strong horticultural enterprise is undoubtedly a reference.
Forum will be held over the same period, “2011 Dalian International Flower Exhibition-cum-new technology of new varieties of seed companies of the Tenth Pan Am new varieties of chinese exhibition” to the main heat-resistant varieties, showing a total of more than 1000 varieties of colors. Meanwhile, the show at the Pan American Seed Company will merge with Kaifu Te seed companies for the first time demonstrated Kwai hibiscus foliage, foliage plants ghost flute, the South African marigold, Xia Jin, large chrysanthemum flowers and other varieties of New Heaven , which for the domestic flower industry is a excellent study opportunities.
It is reported that the current global city of Dalian is implementing the development strategy and continue to build the “Forest City, Garden Community” efforts to build livable landscape of coastal tourism and international city; great efforts to give priority to strengthen the flower industry as the leading urban modern agriculture, and strive to build Dalian into a truly international flower center. Participants will also visit Dalian major roads and attractions of the new varieties of flower arrangement and landscape applications.
The forum is very strong lineup of guests. According to forum organizers, Paul century gardening (Dalian) Co., Ltd. Chairman Zhang Weidong introduced the world’s largest flower garden multinational corporations – American Horticultural Group President Paul Anna Paul will attend the meeting and the future of the world flower industry trends keynote speech. In addition to Anna Paul, the Forum will invite 18 European flower industry personalities as guest speakers, these guests from abroad, government agencies, industry organizations, universities, landscape design and construction business, flowers, nursery stock producers, integrated horticultural enterprises and media, including the United States Federation of flower production and landscape, executive vice president, U.S. Chamber of Commerce Robert Road, Lisi, United States Garden City Association President Ma Wen Miller, City of Chicago Department of Natural Resources Director, Bureau of Parks安德姆施沃诺, and the dozen published monographs of international gardening guru, University of Georgia professor Alan Armitage and so on. Forum lineup of strong, high standards and high in the areas of broad, similar meetings at home and abroad is rare.
Currently flower research, a huge gap between applications and abroad, so this forum has set up a “flower plants for human survival and development impact”, “flowering plants in the landscape of the application of innovation”, “flower of new technologies and new modes of production” and “Landscape Design and Landscape Architecture to enhance the important role of the urban environment” and four speakers. Presentation of each topic content taught by experts in the field of the most cutting-edge contemporary gardening, the most popular ideas to the domestic industry to understand the world horticultural next development.
Such as “flower plants for human survival and development impact” of the topic, speakers introduce foreign Garden City building in the public life and community harmony to bring out some changes at the same time, will present and discuss the plants and landscaping to reduce crime occurred, to improve mental health, enhance creativity, improve academic performance in school, clean the air, the role of accelerated rehabilitation, the topic is very new. The “flowering plants in the landscape of the application of innovation” theme, the participants will be able to learn to subvert the domestic landscape beautification of the traditional concept of annual, perennial flowers and ornamental grasses, ornamental nursery stock with green applied.
In addition, the Forum will introduce the core of the organization by the United States, many small and medium producers to form consortium to jointly capture the market’s success stories, which is currently scattered and not our strong horticultural enterprise is undoubtedly a reference.
Forum will be held over the same period, “2011 Dalian International Flower Exhibition-cum-new technology of new varieties of seed companies of the Tenth Pan Am new varieties of chinese exhibition” to the main heat-resistant varieties, showing a total of more than 1000 varieties of colors. Meanwhile, the show at the Pan American Seed Company will merge with Kaifu Te seed companies for the first time demonstrated Kwai hibiscus foliage, foliage plants ghost flute, the South African marigold, Xia Jin, large chrysanthemum flowers and other varieties of New Heaven , which for the domestic flower industry is a excellent study opportunities.
It is reported that the current global city of Dalian is implementing the development strategy and continue to build the “Forest City, Garden Community” efforts to build livable landscape of coastal tourism and international city; great efforts to give priority to strengthen the flower industry as the leading urban modern agriculture, and strive to build Dalian into a truly international flower center. Participants will also visit Dalian major roads and attractions of the new varieties of flower arrangement and landscape applications.
2011年7月21日星期四
Kunming flowers have been exported to 40 countries and regions
January to June, the city’s value of $ 850 million cut flowers, improvement of product quality and Queensland – a major thoroughfare Man full opening of the highway, so that the “Kun flower” has been exported to 40 countries and regions.
Vegetables and flowers from Kunming City Bureau of Agriculture Department data show: January to June, the city’s value of $ 850 million cut flowers, flower exports amounting to $ 29,460,000, an increase of 57.5%. Flower gardening area of 11.96 hectares, of which production of cut flowers (including cut branches, cut leaf) reached 1.35 billion, 1.35 billion in fresh cut flowers (including cut branches, cut leaf) in the Queensland exports reached a total of 1.24 billion , 91.7% of total production.
“In the first half, the city’s overall quality flowers 6-8% year on year, prices rose steadily, including roses, gerbera, lily and Eustoma average price of each branch were 0.85 yuan, 0.4 yuan, 0.28 yuan, 5.5 yuan and 2.4 yuan, up by 13-22%. Kunming international Flower Auction Center A, B, C class to spend more than 11% year on year, day trading volume reached 1.83 million or more, an increase of 26.2%. “Agricultural Bureau of vegetables and flowers everywhere long Zhu Yu, due to product quality and grade significantly increased to speed up the “Queensland took” to occupy the domestic high-end market, the pace into the international high-end market.
Kunming customs chief Jiang Tao introduced information campaigns, product quality improvement and Queensland – Big Man full channel opening of the highway is “Kun flowers” to expand the export of important factors. “From Kunming to Bangkok, Thailand as fast as 35 hours, not only saves time flowers vehicles, but also greatly reduce the damage during the transportation of cut flowers, the current ‘spend Queensland’ exports has reached 40 countries and regions.”
“In the first half, exports to Southeast Asia and the Middle East, European and American markets ‘Kun spend’ each accounted for 67% and 33% are exported to Dubai, Kuwait and other Arab countries up by 21%, the market sent to Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan accounted for 30.8 of total production %. ”
Zhu Yu said the next step will continue to enhance flower production guidance and services, pay close attention to science and technology, the introduction of new varieties of experiments and demonstrations, and standardized production base construction project, the strengthening of the enterprise, customers and external communication to promote the export market.
Vegetables and flowers from Kunming City Bureau of Agriculture Department data show: January to June, the city’s value of $ 850 million cut flowers, flower exports amounting to $ 29,460,000, an increase of 57.5%. Flower gardening area of 11.96 hectares, of which production of cut flowers (including cut branches, cut leaf) reached 1.35 billion, 1.35 billion in fresh cut flowers (including cut branches, cut leaf) in the Queensland exports reached a total of 1.24 billion , 91.7% of total production.
“In the first half, the city’s overall quality flowers 6-8% year on year, prices rose steadily, including roses, gerbera, lily and Eustoma average price of each branch were 0.85 yuan, 0.4 yuan, 0.28 yuan, 5.5 yuan and 2.4 yuan, up by 13-22%. Kunming international Flower Auction Center A, B, C class to spend more than 11% year on year, day trading volume reached 1.83 million or more, an increase of 26.2%. “Agricultural Bureau of vegetables and flowers everywhere long Zhu Yu, due to product quality and grade significantly increased to speed up the “Queensland took” to occupy the domestic high-end market, the pace into the international high-end market.
Kunming customs chief Jiang Tao introduced information campaigns, product quality improvement and Queensland – Big Man full channel opening of the highway is “Kun flowers” to expand the export of important factors. “From Kunming to Bangkok, Thailand as fast as 35 hours, not only saves time flowers vehicles, but also greatly reduce the damage during the transportation of cut flowers, the current ‘spend Queensland’ exports has reached 40 countries and regions.”
“In the first half, exports to Southeast Asia and the Middle East, European and American markets ‘Kun spend’ each accounted for 67% and 33% are exported to Dubai, Kuwait and other Arab countries up by 21%, the market sent to Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan accounted for 30.8 of total production %. ”
Zhu Yu said the next step will continue to enhance flower production guidance and services, pay close attention to science and technology, the introduction of new varieties of experiments and demonstrations, and standardized production base construction project, the strengthening of the enterprise, customers and external communication to promote the export market.
How to deal with narcissus flowers opened
Usually people will be opened to throw the ball narcissus flower, which is very unfortunate. Daffodil is a perennial, it is by the bulb to reproduce, if those who have re-opened flower bulb buried in the earth, it can continue to grow and reproduce.
Choose lee sunny, deep soil of the vegetable garden or nursery, after deep plowing Paping built into the high ridge, the ridge on the furrow, will have held a flower bulb buried in them, leaves Nature Reserve. A month later, the leaves wilt sleep, then rise bulbs, cut off the fibrous roots, and cut along the base of the leaves have been yellow, then the bulb buried in a depth of 10 cm is appropriate, and applied into the decomposition solution or one cake manure, then Baping. Not the easy way, to a buried pot trouble, because the bulb to the soil through the long spring, summer, autumn three seasons, especially summer and autumn, high temperature hot bulb buried in them, above and no leaves, if you forget to irrigate and fertilize them, will cause death of drought.
Handle the bulb, the back of the work is routine maintenance and management, usually as long as sufficient attention given to garden nutrients, while maintaining the garden moist but not water, the bulb can be natural growth. Wait until November and December, when then dug bulbs, then you will find the old bulbs have been rotting empty, but it has bred a number of large and small around the bulbs. Those big buds and more bulbs selected, washed the soil above, the surface of the brown film strip, and then placed on drying out the sun for several hours, then with a knife in the ball at the top of uniform, “10″ shaped incision, to not hurt the depth scales for the degree within the bud eye, to facilitate the buds and leaves grow. Into Water immersion 24 hours, wash the gel out of the incision on the mucus, you can keep a normal water. Usually 3 days later, the ball at the bottom of the white fibrous roots can grow, the ball leaves the terminal bud eye gradually eruption. For those small bulbs, flowering for that year will not, let them re-growth year in the soil until the following year, sturdy growth, then dug for water to support.
Choose lee sunny, deep soil of the vegetable garden or nursery, after deep plowing Paping built into the high ridge, the ridge on the furrow, will have held a flower bulb buried in them, leaves Nature Reserve. A month later, the leaves wilt sleep, then rise bulbs, cut off the fibrous roots, and cut along the base of the leaves have been yellow, then the bulb buried in a depth of 10 cm is appropriate, and applied into the decomposition solution or one cake manure, then Baping. Not the easy way, to a buried pot trouble, because the bulb to the soil through the long spring, summer, autumn three seasons, especially summer and autumn, high temperature hot bulb buried in them, above and no leaves, if you forget to irrigate and fertilize them, will cause death of drought.
Handle the bulb, the back of the work is routine maintenance and management, usually as long as sufficient attention given to garden nutrients, while maintaining the garden moist but not water, the bulb can be natural growth. Wait until November and December, when then dug bulbs, then you will find the old bulbs have been rotting empty, but it has bred a number of large and small around the bulbs. Those big buds and more bulbs selected, washed the soil above, the surface of the brown film strip, and then placed on drying out the sun for several hours, then with a knife in the ball at the top of uniform, “10″ shaped incision, to not hurt the depth scales for the degree within the bud eye, to facilitate the buds and leaves grow. Into Water immersion 24 hours, wash the gel out of the incision on the mucus, you can keep a normal water. Usually 3 days later, the ball at the bottom of the white fibrous roots can grow, the ball leaves the terminal bud eye gradually eruption. For those small bulbs, flowering for that year will not, let them re-growth year in the soil until the following year, sturdy growth, then dug for water to support.
2011年7月20日星期三
2011年7月19日星期二
Which patients are not suitable to send flowers?
Send flowers mainly the impact of pollen, because pollen allergy antigen itself contains a number of substances that can cause many allergic reactions in some sections, including some allergic snuff otolaryngology, dermatology allergic urticaria, angioedema, Respiratory allergic asthma, respiratory diseases and so some more, are easy to contact with pollen, easy access to flowers.
In addition, some people have allergic constitution is not suitable to send flowers. In addition, according to doctors, the cultivation of flowers under the water or nutrients nourish the soil bacteria are a hotbed of flowers after contraction, is also exposed to some of the spoilage bacteria, spoilage bacteria which cause the spread of air, which will have an impact on patients. That what patients can send flowers, flowers for the patients is not good at all of it gone?
Send flowers there are some benefits for some patients do rehabilitation, psychotherapy, and so some of the mild patients, can bring great pleasure, is conducive to convalescence.
It is understood, ENT, respiratory, dermatology and obstetrics, and burns, trauma, had just undergone surgery for patients not suitable for sending flowers; for some lighter conditions, patients in convalescence or recovery period, you can choose to send flowers; ward where the flowers should not be placed too long, and often change the water, mud and the flowers withered flowers begin to clear up; buy flowers, the flower shop as much as possible to normal, do not spray chemical air freshener to buy flowers and flower baskets.
In addition, the flower varieties require careful selection.
1. Wildflower
Wild flowers growing on a lot of people are allergic to, in the indoor cultivation of ornamental flowers are less allergic.
2 flowers
With flowers and more varieties of flowers mixed more likely lead to allergies, so the variety of flowers, the number of simple as possible, such as single bouquet of roses, tulips and so on.
3. Potted
Potted soil had fertilizer applied, easy to breed bacteria.
4. Lily
Too strong smell of flowers is easy to stimulate the patient. For example, patients with respiratory, heart disease, etc. need to rest, to calm and steady, do not send lily, tuberose and other fragrant flowers very strong position.
5 green
Like Clivia, cactus and other green plants with good spit oxygen, absorb carbon dioxide effect, to purify the air.
It seems, there are still many flowers and pay attention to the learning. Get well, not only affects the patient’s health, and increase their financial burden. Get well, healthy and beautiful, and safe. There is certainly a good first consider the patient’s body is appropriate, after all, the ultimate goal of flowers is also expressing wishes and hope the patient can recover soon.
Visit the sick, the choice not to spend too much Eau color, flavor not too strong. Suitable for lily, rose, chrysanthemum, anthurium, carnation, Orchids, etc., and the row with grass grass or aspartame or a basket of flowers into bouquets, on the white wards, the patients cheerful mood, help to restore health.
There are many taboos flowers to patients, visit patients do not get the whole basin of the flowers, so as not to mistaken for chronic illness patients into the root. The flowers smell very strong negative patients for surgery, can lead to coughing; color too gaudy flowers, will stimulate the patient’s nerve, irritable mood; camellia easy bud drop, is considered inauspicious. Visit patients should be sent to orchids, narcissus, calla lily, etc., or use the patient likes the variety, enabling the patient builds character, a speedy recovery.
In addition, some people have allergic constitution is not suitable to send flowers. In addition, according to doctors, the cultivation of flowers under the water or nutrients nourish the soil bacteria are a hotbed of flowers after contraction, is also exposed to some of the spoilage bacteria, spoilage bacteria which cause the spread of air, which will have an impact on patients. That what patients can send flowers, flowers for the patients is not good at all of it gone?
Send flowers there are some benefits for some patients do rehabilitation, psychotherapy, and so some of the mild patients, can bring great pleasure, is conducive to convalescence.
It is understood, ENT, respiratory, dermatology and obstetrics, and burns, trauma, had just undergone surgery for patients not suitable for sending flowers; for some lighter conditions, patients in convalescence or recovery period, you can choose to send flowers; ward where the flowers should not be placed too long, and often change the water, mud and the flowers withered flowers begin to clear up; buy flowers, the flower shop as much as possible to normal, do not spray chemical air freshener to buy flowers and flower baskets.
In addition, the flower varieties require careful selection.
1. Wildflower
Wild flowers growing on a lot of people are allergic to, in the indoor cultivation of ornamental flowers are less allergic.
2 flowers
With flowers and more varieties of flowers mixed more likely lead to allergies, so the variety of flowers, the number of simple as possible, such as single bouquet of roses, tulips and so on.
3. Potted
Potted soil had fertilizer applied, easy to breed bacteria.
4. Lily
Too strong smell of flowers is easy to stimulate the patient. For example, patients with respiratory, heart disease, etc. need to rest, to calm and steady, do not send lily, tuberose and other fragrant flowers very strong position.
5 green
Like Clivia, cactus and other green plants with good spit oxygen, absorb carbon dioxide effect, to purify the air.
It seems, there are still many flowers and pay attention to the learning. Get well, not only affects the patient’s health, and increase their financial burden. Get well, healthy and beautiful, and safe. There is certainly a good first consider the patient’s body is appropriate, after all, the ultimate goal of flowers is also expressing wishes and hope the patient can recover soon.
Visit the sick, the choice not to spend too much Eau color, flavor not too strong. Suitable for lily, rose, chrysanthemum, anthurium, carnation, Orchids, etc., and the row with grass grass or aspartame or a basket of flowers into bouquets, on the white wards, the patients cheerful mood, help to restore health.
There are many taboos flowers to patients, visit patients do not get the whole basin of the flowers, so as not to mistaken for chronic illness patients into the root. The flowers smell very strong negative patients for surgery, can lead to coughing; color too gaudy flowers, will stimulate the patient’s nerve, irritable mood; camellia easy bud drop, is considered inauspicious. Visit patients should be sent to orchids, narcissus, calla lily, etc., or use the patient likes the variety, enabling the patient builds character, a speedy recovery.
Chinese Landscape bonsai shape and style
Creative conception, is the creation of bonsai important part. Bonsai creative conception, is actually a determined mood and ideas, to express the mood of the process, in general there are two expressions:
① first conception and according to this conception, the idea of choice right through the tree, stone, mountain. Grass and other material in the basin Ang space for permutations and combinations to accomplish this conception.
② According to a specific mountain, grass, trees, stone shape characteristics, some germinal conception, then the idea and use of the hill, stone, grass, tree shape characteristics, the permutations and combinations to complete the composition of a landscape and mood. As a bonsai landscape shaped by the material composition of the restrictions, the conception of this idea is a combination of rocks and the bonsai styling a commonly used way of making the idea of integration.
Since bonsai is a mountain landscape, stone, grass, trees in pots Ang space permutations and combinations, so the combination of the structure on the existence of a mountain or a combination of law.
Landscape landscape shape bonsai are generally open and close, says a complex mountain landscape bonsai generally have opening and closing of a meeting or two or three potential ways to take the opening and closing. Opening and closing, that is, in a landscape bonsai master, off, scatter stone composition of mountain landscape complete, when the mountain when placed in the basin ounces, it can form a spatial location in the basin Ang visual unit, due to the composition of the the “tension” effect (full two-way radiation), so it created a visual expansion of psychological sense (ie, “potential”), has occupied space performance.
At the same time, because it has a three-dimensional in the direction (for example, in the mountain toward the basin ounces), and asymmetric occupy space, so in people’s psychological and visual on the screen, forming a kind of dynamic. The resulting dynamic is actually the visual point or block surface units such as picture start line in the imbalance caused by radiation, which must face the mountain and in the “complete model space” related to the location. chinese landscape painting on the screen talking about the layout of the mountain, said: “To make it right, we must first the left, want to make the left, we must first of its right, want to make it on, we must first under it, want it the next, we must first on it. ”
The screen brilliantly addressed the composition of the characteristics of dynamic tension. Therefore, the so-called “potential”, that is, rocks in the basin Ang decent asymmetrical, with direction to occupy the space. In people’s vision of a psychological sense of visual tension and expansion. It is this tension that we feel a sense of expansion and landscape shape bonsai, the rest of the mountain there is a dynamic, there is a rhythm and pace of the mountains to.
Landscape bonsai in the “potential”, since it is through the “set Chen,” derived from (“home Chen” refers to permutations and combinations like the lineup), then the combinations of the mountain block faces, mountain tension inevitable emergence of a change in the mountain tension quality that is, different “potential.” In general, landscape bonsai “potential” include “from”, “commitment”, “turn”, “together”, “down”, “knot” and other aspects.
Board qualified in an open landscape shape bonsai landscape, we in the basin in the arrangements and a host Mountain Ang is actually in the screen space for the positioning of the main trend, the main potential location, we called the “from” potential;
In the main mountain on the left or right after the scattered placement of the mountain off the main mountain, the mountain of potential host of other mountains with a transition between the potential and to undertake, we call “commitment” potential, “bearing” the situation has two, that is, “is commitment ‘and’ anti-commitment”;
Off the main mountain mountain is generally the same relative, and the trend has a unity of opposites between the main mountain of the mountain, the whole screen in landscape and the “master” the potential to form a total potential of opening and closing, and its potential to reverse the main trend, it said to “turn” potential;
Momentum of the whereabouts of the main mountain, sometimes the transition, and sometimes without transition, the transition would have to find the transition of the mountain placement, which placement is “down” situation, the general landscape bonsai in the foil tightly * main mountain mountain mountain is the main potential impact point.
The trend of the main mountain and off mountain basin area in the space of potential point of integration is a bonsai landscape style screen opening and closing nodes, known as the “knot” situation, this node is often used in bonsai scatter stone picture to the performance.
Sometimes, we will in the main mountain or off the mountain flying out of embellishment or planting a plant or decorative material, must break in the main screen and the other mountain mountain situation posed by the balance, usually we call “go” situation or ” break “situation, because” go “or” broken “so that the whole is relatively balanced picture of the potential tension increases or changes, so that people viewing bonsai, the visual connection of psychological tension appeared increasingly out Ben phenomenon.
Background and contrast the shapes of the mountains Dan Panjing is also very important, set off and contrast the meaning is quite broad, is a relative term. Such as the large and small, set off and contrast, subjects and objects of the background and contrast, sparse and dense set off and contrast, hidden and exposed the background and contrast, etc., of virtual and real background and contrast, before and after the set off and contrast , stone and trees set off and contrast, these must be based on creative themes and creative approach to the specific embodiment, only to master the law of creation, in order to “use of the wonderful, Bottom of Heart.”
① first conception and according to this conception, the idea of choice right through the tree, stone, mountain. Grass and other material in the basin Ang space for permutations and combinations to accomplish this conception.
② According to a specific mountain, grass, trees, stone shape characteristics, some germinal conception, then the idea and use of the hill, stone, grass, tree shape characteristics, the permutations and combinations to complete the composition of a landscape and mood. As a bonsai landscape shaped by the material composition of the restrictions, the conception of this idea is a combination of rocks and the bonsai styling a commonly used way of making the idea of integration.
Since bonsai is a mountain landscape, stone, grass, trees in pots Ang space permutations and combinations, so the combination of the structure on the existence of a mountain or a combination of law.
Landscape landscape shape bonsai are generally open and close, says a complex mountain landscape bonsai generally have opening and closing of a meeting or two or three potential ways to take the opening and closing. Opening and closing, that is, in a landscape bonsai master, off, scatter stone composition of mountain landscape complete, when the mountain when placed in the basin ounces, it can form a spatial location in the basin Ang visual unit, due to the composition of the the “tension” effect (full two-way radiation), so it created a visual expansion of psychological sense (ie, “potential”), has occupied space performance.
At the same time, because it has a three-dimensional in the direction (for example, in the mountain toward the basin ounces), and asymmetric occupy space, so in people’s psychological and visual on the screen, forming a kind of dynamic. The resulting dynamic is actually the visual point or block surface units such as picture start line in the imbalance caused by radiation, which must face the mountain and in the “complete model space” related to the location. chinese landscape painting on the screen talking about the layout of the mountain, said: “To make it right, we must first the left, want to make the left, we must first of its right, want to make it on, we must first under it, want it the next, we must first on it. ”
The screen brilliantly addressed the composition of the characteristics of dynamic tension. Therefore, the so-called “potential”, that is, rocks in the basin Ang decent asymmetrical, with direction to occupy the space. In people’s vision of a psychological sense of visual tension and expansion. It is this tension that we feel a sense of expansion and landscape shape bonsai, the rest of the mountain there is a dynamic, there is a rhythm and pace of the mountains to.
Landscape bonsai in the “potential”, since it is through the “set Chen,” derived from (“home Chen” refers to permutations and combinations like the lineup), then the combinations of the mountain block faces, mountain tension inevitable emergence of a change in the mountain tension quality that is, different “potential.” In general, landscape bonsai “potential” include “from”, “commitment”, “turn”, “together”, “down”, “knot” and other aspects.
Board qualified in an open landscape shape bonsai landscape, we in the basin in the arrangements and a host Mountain Ang is actually in the screen space for the positioning of the main trend, the main potential location, we called the “from” potential;
In the main mountain on the left or right after the scattered placement of the mountain off the main mountain, the mountain of potential host of other mountains with a transition between the potential and to undertake, we call “commitment” potential, “bearing” the situation has two, that is, “is commitment ‘and’ anti-commitment”;
Off the main mountain mountain is generally the same relative, and the trend has a unity of opposites between the main mountain of the mountain, the whole screen in landscape and the “master” the potential to form a total potential of opening and closing, and its potential to reverse the main trend, it said to “turn” potential;
Momentum of the whereabouts of the main mountain, sometimes the transition, and sometimes without transition, the transition would have to find the transition of the mountain placement, which placement is “down” situation, the general landscape bonsai in the foil tightly * main mountain mountain mountain is the main potential impact point.
The trend of the main mountain and off mountain basin area in the space of potential point of integration is a bonsai landscape style screen opening and closing nodes, known as the “knot” situation, this node is often used in bonsai scatter stone picture to the performance.
Sometimes, we will in the main mountain or off the mountain flying out of embellishment or planting a plant or decorative material, must break in the main screen and the other mountain mountain situation posed by the balance, usually we call “go” situation or ” break “situation, because” go “or” broken “so that the whole is relatively balanced picture of the potential tension increases or changes, so that people viewing bonsai, the visual connection of psychological tension appeared increasingly out Ben phenomenon.
Background and contrast the shapes of the mountains Dan Panjing is also very important, set off and contrast the meaning is quite broad, is a relative term. Such as the large and small, set off and contrast, subjects and objects of the background and contrast, sparse and dense set off and contrast, hidden and exposed the background and contrast, etc., of virtual and real background and contrast, before and after the set off and contrast , stone and trees set off and contrast, these must be based on creative themes and creative approach to the specific embodiment, only to master the law of creation, in order to “use of the wonderful, Bottom of Heart.”
2011年7月18日星期一
Flower bulbs in the courtyard of the application
flower bulbs are many kinds of plants included, most of which Flower Bulbs have a high ornamental value. Gang of their adaptability, vigorous growth, flowers, beautiful, and there are many types can often open the smell, making it an important cut flowers and potted flowers, floral. Not only that, it is widely used in flower bulb garden greenery, landscaping and fragrant of the material.
Flower bulbs are bulbs, corms, tubers, roots and rhizomes and other types. Commonly used in the garden plant morphology, color, flowering and other seasonal changes in the garden to add rich color. One of the basic characteristics of flower bulbs are flowers open only a single season, and then shoot wither and go dormant, hidden in the soil can not easily be noticed. In the garden green, after reasonable layout, this feature can be used to expand or extend the cultivation of flowering within the scope of green time. Most bulb flowers in the spring or autumn flowering focus, they provide continuous color, prior to or later than the type of shrubs and perennials of summer, reaching its peak viewing. While most garden plants are withered or hibernation, winter fall flowers and flower to flower bulbs in this relatively quiet year in the period to give the court the same color and change. Many bulbous flowers can also thrive in pots, they can be used to decorate the living room, balcony and courtyard.
Bulbous flowers in addition to wet grassland and woodland in the origin of the species, most species should be cultivated on well-drained sunny nursery. Hi shade and moist flower bulbs can be used in wet type Ran deciduous woodland garden. Xi Yang bulbs for flowers, the warmth of the environment and good drainage is especially important in cold regions than the best plant in the sunny leeward corner, with the roof of the shelter to avoid rainfall or water-logging leading to waterlogging. Bulbous flowers in bloom during the time cut off stray prevent strong, can effectively extend the flowering period or the accumulation of nutrients, and promote the growth of bulbs, and to increase the amount of the following year’s flower garden to keep the best landscape.
The use of flower bulbs in the garden there are several major ways.
Used in flower bulb flower stems upright, colorful and lively style rules for the type of flower, you can get a warm cheerful effect. Such as hyacinth and tulip tough trim, sculpture-like appearance, in the classic spring flower bed plan is ideal. They can constitute a distinct color, you can either individually cultivated with low flower pansy, forget-me, daisies and other flowers Hunzai; some summer flowering bulbs flowers such as dahlias, gladioli for rule-based works, the other Some
Bulbous flowers varied for structural design or in the form of more free sketches. Such as planting different varieties of lilies in the garden planters, or climbing-type perennial flowers, such as climbing rose free combination can produce good results.
Elegant flower shape and plant morphology of different flowers are also suitable for planting bulbs in the flower border and informal flower beds in the family garden. Flower bulbs and low will be mixed cultivation of flowering plants, the bulbs flower stems out from the low foliage, flowers, bright green color and contrast, eye-catching.
Planted flower bulbs can also be interspersed between the perennials as a foil. In Hunzai when the bulbous flowers arranged in random groups of other bright space planted plants can be decorated with flower beds. After flowering in bulbous flowers, dead flowers and leaves have been dormant and after I grew up in that open space can be covered by perennials, flower beds to make up for not only the gap, but also adds color.
Used in flower bulb flower border was not much room for a small garden has a special significance. Use flower bulbs to make up for shorter perennials and flowering shrubs of the deficiencies, orchestrated by the rational distribution and planting plan, you can make flowers flowering bulbs and other flowering plants flower throughout the interface between the use of flower bulbs garden full of bright colors to give vitality of the color change, color convergence theme, extending the whole flowering period. Flowers from the bulbs, perennials, annual flowers, annual and biennial flowers and shrubs consisting of mixed flowers and environment, can vividly show the anniversary of the combination of flowering plants. Especially since the autumn to spring among the more boring season, flower bulbs can be planted by asking to bring vibrant, seasonal continuous viewing.
Shrubs and perennial flowers of any spring before leaf growth, paving lotus, snow drop flowers hardy early flowering varieties have been filling the Fang-; When the early flowering shrubs bloom when there are dwarf iris blue or yellow flowers with each other against the background; As the season goes on, the foliage to grow perennial flowers in spring and early summer flowers hyacinth bulbs, tulips, lilies and other vibrant and fun look.
The same can be applied to flower bulbs used in lawn grass, grassland, river banks and other land. Moreover, the use of bulbous flowers in spring, summer, fall into these green spaces dotted with bright jewel colors of tapestry shares. However, for the formation of a perfect lawn landscape needs to follow the growth characteristics of bulbous flowers and grass, grassland management needs. First, the height of flower bulbs and growth potential should be matched with grasses growing; Secondly, lawn, mowing the grass must be regularly but must have enough bulbs flower growth and development time for the full growth of foliage is necessary. Because the leaves can provide sufficient nutrients stored in the bulb, the formation of flowers ready for the coming year.
Early flower bulbs flowers can be applied to the lawn or grass than low, the first harvest from mid-spring to late spring should be; fry type of flower bulbs should be placed in mid-summer harvest or the first summer twilight; and fall flower bulbs flowers usually in the spring and summer mowing the grass began to grow after the end of the period, so should not continue from the end of the summer after the grass cutting until the end of the spring.
Because turfgrass most vigorous growth and root development, so the cultivation of bulbous flowers should be selected in the growth of strong and adaptable species. In the more high-quality grass or trees under Xicao ground saffron cultivation, colchicine, safflower and other dwarf bulbs Lycoris flowers. In the growing season, resistance is strong lawn or grass planting should choose the larger bulbs such as daffodil, yellow flower bulbs such as Lycoris. River grass because the soil more moist, no stampede do not need to trim the grass, so the bulbs can be cultivated evergreen species such as Acorus gramineus, aquatic iris and so on.
Used in container planting bulbs in flower cultivation in a container garden can also be used to obtain a good decoration, greening and beautifying effect, due to ease of handling container planting, replacement, so it’s superiority is unique. After the small bulbs can be used for decorative flower pot indoor environment, balcony, window plant boxes. Such as cyclamen, dahlia creeping, hyacinth, etc. Medium, the level of scattered large bulbous flowers planted in large pots or planted tank aggregation platform, can produce a patchwork of colorful garden greenery. Such as lilies, gladiolus, iris, etc. Some aromatic flower bulbs can be planted at the door, the window in order to get fragrance carried by the wind. Such as hyacinth, musk Lily, Freesia, Narcissus, etc. The carefully selected plants bulbous flowers, from spring to winter for the gardens continue to provide rich color. When the flowers wither and fall flower bulbs, remove the bulb to be stored or transplanting garden, container replace other plants, but also to beautify the garden.
Other applications bulbous flowers planted in suitable environments, many species will depend on the proliferation of a large number of sub-goals or seed, eventually forming a natural color. This feature is the use of bulb flowers can be used to decorate the Grand is not suitable for higher plants, garden flowers, different types and varieties of bulbous flowers Hunzai the natural mode, you can get pleasing results.
In the difficult layout of the larger flowering plants under deciduous trees or shrubs, many of bulbous flowers can grow. Need to sleep, especially the type of summer, the summer growth of trees to shelter the strong sunlight, rain played a role in cooling, and autumn leaves to the temporary coverage and to increase soil temperature, keep the soil moist and provide from late autumn to late spring sufficient sunlight for growth and development of flower bulbs to provide good conditions. The laminated leaf decay and increased soil organic matter content, the soil becomes loose, fertile and moist, more conducive to the growth of bulbous flowers.
Flower bulbs are bulbs, corms, tubers, roots and rhizomes and other types. Commonly used in the garden plant morphology, color, flowering and other seasonal changes in the garden to add rich color. One of the basic characteristics of flower bulbs are flowers open only a single season, and then shoot wither and go dormant, hidden in the soil can not easily be noticed. In the garden green, after reasonable layout, this feature can be used to expand or extend the cultivation of flowering within the scope of green time. Most bulb flowers in the spring or autumn flowering focus, they provide continuous color, prior to or later than the type of shrubs and perennials of summer, reaching its peak viewing. While most garden plants are withered or hibernation, winter fall flowers and flower to flower bulbs in this relatively quiet year in the period to give the court the same color and change. Many bulbous flowers can also thrive in pots, they can be used to decorate the living room, balcony and courtyard.
Bulbous flowers in addition to wet grassland and woodland in the origin of the species, most species should be cultivated on well-drained sunny nursery. Hi shade and moist flower bulbs can be used in wet type Ran deciduous woodland garden. Xi Yang bulbs for flowers, the warmth of the environment and good drainage is especially important in cold regions than the best plant in the sunny leeward corner, with the roof of the shelter to avoid rainfall or water-logging leading to waterlogging. Bulbous flowers in bloom during the time cut off stray prevent strong, can effectively extend the flowering period or the accumulation of nutrients, and promote the growth of bulbs, and to increase the amount of the following year’s flower garden to keep the best landscape.
The use of flower bulbs in the garden there are several major ways.
Used in flower bulb flower stems upright, colorful and lively style rules for the type of flower, you can get a warm cheerful effect. Such as hyacinth and tulip tough trim, sculpture-like appearance, in the classic spring flower bed plan is ideal. They can constitute a distinct color, you can either individually cultivated with low flower pansy, forget-me, daisies and other flowers Hunzai; some summer flowering bulbs flowers such as dahlias, gladioli for rule-based works, the other Some
Bulbous flowers varied for structural design or in the form of more free sketches. Such as planting different varieties of lilies in the garden planters, or climbing-type perennial flowers, such as climbing rose free combination can produce good results.
Elegant flower shape and plant morphology of different flowers are also suitable for planting bulbs in the flower border and informal flower beds in the family garden. Flower bulbs and low will be mixed cultivation of flowering plants, the bulbs flower stems out from the low foliage, flowers, bright green color and contrast, eye-catching.
Planted flower bulbs can also be interspersed between the perennials as a foil. In Hunzai when the bulbous flowers arranged in random groups of other bright space planted plants can be decorated with flower beds. After flowering in bulbous flowers, dead flowers and leaves have been dormant and after I grew up in that open space can be covered by perennials, flower beds to make up for not only the gap, but also adds color.
Used in flower bulb flower border was not much room for a small garden has a special significance. Use flower bulbs to make up for shorter perennials and flowering shrubs of the deficiencies, orchestrated by the rational distribution and planting plan, you can make flowers flowering bulbs and other flowering plants flower throughout the interface between the use of flower bulbs garden full of bright colors to give vitality of the color change, color convergence theme, extending the whole flowering period. Flowers from the bulbs, perennials, annual flowers, annual and biennial flowers and shrubs consisting of mixed flowers and environment, can vividly show the anniversary of the combination of flowering plants. Especially since the autumn to spring among the more boring season, flower bulbs can be planted by asking to bring vibrant, seasonal continuous viewing.
Shrubs and perennial flowers of any spring before leaf growth, paving lotus, snow drop flowers hardy early flowering varieties have been filling the Fang-; When the early flowering shrubs bloom when there are dwarf iris blue or yellow flowers with each other against the background; As the season goes on, the foliage to grow perennial flowers in spring and early summer flowers hyacinth bulbs, tulips, lilies and other vibrant and fun look.
The same can be applied to flower bulbs used in lawn grass, grassland, river banks and other land. Moreover, the use of bulbous flowers in spring, summer, fall into these green spaces dotted with bright jewel colors of tapestry shares. However, for the formation of a perfect lawn landscape needs to follow the growth characteristics of bulbous flowers and grass, grassland management needs. First, the height of flower bulbs and growth potential should be matched with grasses growing; Secondly, lawn, mowing the grass must be regularly but must have enough bulbs flower growth and development time for the full growth of foliage is necessary. Because the leaves can provide sufficient nutrients stored in the bulb, the formation of flowers ready for the coming year.
Early flower bulbs flowers can be applied to the lawn or grass than low, the first harvest from mid-spring to late spring should be; fry type of flower bulbs should be placed in mid-summer harvest or the first summer twilight; and fall flower bulbs flowers usually in the spring and summer mowing the grass began to grow after the end of the period, so should not continue from the end of the summer after the grass cutting until the end of the spring.
Because turfgrass most vigorous growth and root development, so the cultivation of bulbous flowers should be selected in the growth of strong and adaptable species. In the more high-quality grass or trees under Xicao ground saffron cultivation, colchicine, safflower and other dwarf bulbs Lycoris flowers. In the growing season, resistance is strong lawn or grass planting should choose the larger bulbs such as daffodil, yellow flower bulbs such as Lycoris. River grass because the soil more moist, no stampede do not need to trim the grass, so the bulbs can be cultivated evergreen species such as Acorus gramineus, aquatic iris and so on.
Used in container planting bulbs in flower cultivation in a container garden can also be used to obtain a good decoration, greening and beautifying effect, due to ease of handling container planting, replacement, so it’s superiority is unique. After the small bulbs can be used for decorative flower pot indoor environment, balcony, window plant boxes. Such as cyclamen, dahlia creeping, hyacinth, etc. Medium, the level of scattered large bulbous flowers planted in large pots or planted tank aggregation platform, can produce a patchwork of colorful garden greenery. Such as lilies, gladiolus, iris, etc. Some aromatic flower bulbs can be planted at the door, the window in order to get fragrance carried by the wind. Such as hyacinth, musk Lily, Freesia, Narcissus, etc. The carefully selected plants bulbous flowers, from spring to winter for the gardens continue to provide rich color. When the flowers wither and fall flower bulbs, remove the bulb to be stored or transplanting garden, container replace other plants, but also to beautify the garden.
Other applications bulbous flowers planted in suitable environments, many species will depend on the proliferation of a large number of sub-goals or seed, eventually forming a natural color. This feature is the use of bulb flowers can be used to decorate the Grand is not suitable for higher plants, garden flowers, different types and varieties of bulbous flowers Hunzai the natural mode, you can get pleasing results.
In the difficult layout of the larger flowering plants under deciduous trees or shrubs, many of bulbous flowers can grow. Need to sleep, especially the type of summer, the summer growth of trees to shelter the strong sunlight, rain played a role in cooling, and autumn leaves to the temporary coverage and to increase soil temperature, keep the soil moist and provide from late autumn to late spring sufficient sunlight for growth and development of flower bulbs to provide good conditions. The laminated leaf decay and increased soil organic matter content, the soil becomes loose, fertile and moist, more conducive to the growth of bulbous flowers.
Classification of Flower Bulbs
underground stems and roots of the morphological classification
1 Bulb
Bulb is a shortening of the disk-shaped stems, the Health and many more meat hypertrophy scales, scales from the bulb holds together.
Bulb, in part, grow and blossom in the process, consume all the scales in the dry material to shrink, and then next to the formation of new bulbs such as tulips. Also part of the bulb type, grow and blossom in the process, some nutrients are consumed scales, shrinking, part of the scale to continue piling up nutrients, bulbs continue to expand, such as lilies, hyacinths, narcissus, etc. Bulb bulb is divided into a skin and no skin bulb types.
There are bulb type flowers: hyacinth, tulip, lily, Lycoris, snow, mother of pearl and so on.
2 bulbs
Such underground stems generally spherical, with a membranous skin, stripped of skin you can see the raw large and small buds. This category are Gladiolus, Shegan and so on.
3 tubers
Rhizome generally spherical, flat irregular shape, such as cyclamen, Sinningia, Pulsatilla, etc.
4, root
Hypertrophy fleshy underground stems, buds was born in the festival, is the main type of flower bulbs are canna, ginger flowers.
5, roots and tubers
Root hypertrophy, a large number of nutrients stored within the root, such as the Dahlia.
Second, the classification according to planting time
1, spring planting bulbs
Planted in spring ball, closed ball fall, winter dormancy, such as planting spring Flower Bulbs. Such as canna, gladiolus and so on.
2, autumn planting bulbs
Fall planted the ball in the second year of the summer harvest ball, and then sleep, such as autumn planted bulbs flower flowers such as tulips, hyacinths, etc.
Third, the classification according to planting sites
1, the exposed root flower Earth
From planting to harvesting of the ball, done in the open, exposed earth known as the root flowers such as gladiolus, canna and so on. (Except for forcing culture)
2 greenhouse flower bulbs
From planting to harvesting of the ball, most of the time must be completed in a greenhouse, known as the greenhouse flower bulbs such as cyclamen, a small gladiolus and so on.
1 Bulb
Bulb is a shortening of the disk-shaped stems, the Health and many more meat hypertrophy scales, scales from the bulb holds together.
Bulb, in part, grow and blossom in the process, consume all the scales in the dry material to shrink, and then next to the formation of new bulbs such as tulips. Also part of the bulb type, grow and blossom in the process, some nutrients are consumed scales, shrinking, part of the scale to continue piling up nutrients, bulbs continue to expand, such as lilies, hyacinths, narcissus, etc. Bulb bulb is divided into a skin and no skin bulb types.
There are bulb type flowers: hyacinth, tulip, lily, Lycoris, snow, mother of pearl and so on.
2 bulbs
Such underground stems generally spherical, with a membranous skin, stripped of skin you can see the raw large and small buds. This category are Gladiolus, Shegan and so on.
3 tubers
Rhizome generally spherical, flat irregular shape, such as cyclamen, Sinningia, Pulsatilla, etc.
4, root
Hypertrophy fleshy underground stems, buds was born in the festival, is the main type of flower bulbs are canna, ginger flowers.
5, roots and tubers
Root hypertrophy, a large number of nutrients stored within the root, such as the Dahlia.
Second, the classification according to planting time
1, spring planting bulbs
Planted in spring ball, closed ball fall, winter dormancy, such as planting spring Flower Bulbs. Such as canna, gladiolus and so on.
2, autumn planting bulbs
Fall planted the ball in the second year of the summer harvest ball, and then sleep, such as autumn planted bulbs flower flowers such as tulips, hyacinths, etc.
Third, the classification according to planting sites
1, the exposed root flower Earth
From planting to harvesting of the ball, done in the open, exposed earth known as the root flowers such as gladiolus, canna and so on. (Except for forcing culture)
2 greenhouse flower bulbs
From planting to harvesting of the ball, most of the time must be completed in a greenhouse, known as the greenhouse flower bulbs such as cyclamen, a small gladiolus and so on.
Flower bulbs to be applied in the strengths and weaknesses
flower bulbs is part of the underground plant stem or root abnormal, enlarged and nutrient storage in a large class of perennial herbs. Dutch tulips, hyacinth, musk, lily of Japan, china, narcissus and lilies, etc., are renowned in the world. The basic feature of the flowers is only open a single season, and then shoot wither and go dormant, hidden in the soil can not easily be noticed.
In landscaping, through rational distribution, this feature can be used to expand or extend the green time of flowering. Garden plants are mostly concentrated in spring and summer flowering, and flowering bulbous flowers concentrated in the spring, autumn and winter quarters, giving the landscape a long time the color changes.
In recent years, extensive use of flowers interspersed with planting bulbs and other plants Hunzai way, to be used in landscape gardens can achieve good results. Possessed aromatic white colors, such as lily of the valley, planted on the forest edge, sloping lawn, with a strong visual and olfactory appeal; bulbous iris beautiful pose, upright stems, cluster planting on the lake, lawn edge to good effect; Lycoris in lush green leaves in winter, into a piece of grass growing in the woodland edge or under the ideal being; Zephyranthes strains neat cluster of low, lush flowers, long flowering period, the most suitable for forest planting, and slope.
Obviously, as an embellishment and added, bulbous flowers can bring a vibrant, seasonal continuous viewing. After flowering in bulbous flowers have withered flowers and leaves and hibernate for the remainder of the open space can be Hunzai cover plants.
While the bulbous flowers have so many advantages, but it is undeniable that, bulbous flowers in practical application there are also some shortcomings need to be overcome.
First, although its brightly colored, long flowering, easy cultivation, adaptability, but its resistance than other shrubs or herbaceous be weaker. In recent years, Zhejiang, often dry in summer, mixed planting Flower Bulbs do not mix the green land plants than flower bulbs need for water, green land, to conservation difficult.
Second Department of perennial plant flower bulbs, many years after planting, some will have degraded, need to be updated in time. Adaptability of the bulbous flowers when planted in the natural-style arrangement, without the annual harvest, may be every two years tulips, daffodils every three years, class and lily Lycoris class every 3 years to 4 years, planted a wedge points.
Third, the conservation of trouble more details. As the bulbous flowers in bloom during the time the best cut off stray to prevent the firm, which can effectively extend the flowering period or the accumulation of nutrients, and promote the growth of bulbs, and to increase the amount of the following year’s flower garden to keep the best landscape. However, the actual maintenance operation, due to a large green area, the configuration of many kinds of flower bulbs, maintenance workers, it is difficult for new varieties of flowering plants in groups will be timely stray cut off, resulting in flowering time is too long, affecting the arrival of the landscape.
Even so, as long as the design took note of these problems and avoid them in future work, bulbous flowers, or to avoid weaknesses and play its due effect of the landscape, with broad market use value.
In landscaping, through rational distribution, this feature can be used to expand or extend the green time of flowering. Garden plants are mostly concentrated in spring and summer flowering, and flowering bulbous flowers concentrated in the spring, autumn and winter quarters, giving the landscape a long time the color changes.
In recent years, extensive use of flowers interspersed with planting bulbs and other plants Hunzai way, to be used in landscape gardens can achieve good results. Possessed aromatic white colors, such as lily of the valley, planted on the forest edge, sloping lawn, with a strong visual and olfactory appeal; bulbous iris beautiful pose, upright stems, cluster planting on the lake, lawn edge to good effect; Lycoris in lush green leaves in winter, into a piece of grass growing in the woodland edge or under the ideal being; Zephyranthes strains neat cluster of low, lush flowers, long flowering period, the most suitable for forest planting, and slope.
Obviously, as an embellishment and added, bulbous flowers can bring a vibrant, seasonal continuous viewing. After flowering in bulbous flowers have withered flowers and leaves and hibernate for the remainder of the open space can be Hunzai cover plants.
While the bulbous flowers have so many advantages, but it is undeniable that, bulbous flowers in practical application there are also some shortcomings need to be overcome.
First, although its brightly colored, long flowering, easy cultivation, adaptability, but its resistance than other shrubs or herbaceous be weaker. In recent years, Zhejiang, often dry in summer, mixed planting Flower Bulbs do not mix the green land plants than flower bulbs need for water, green land, to conservation difficult.
Second Department of perennial plant flower bulbs, many years after planting, some will have degraded, need to be updated in time. Adaptability of the bulbous flowers when planted in the natural-style arrangement, without the annual harvest, may be every two years tulips, daffodils every three years, class and lily Lycoris class every 3 years to 4 years, planted a wedge points.
Third, the conservation of trouble more details. As the bulbous flowers in bloom during the time the best cut off stray to prevent the firm, which can effectively extend the flowering period or the accumulation of nutrients, and promote the growth of bulbs, and to increase the amount of the following year’s flower garden to keep the best landscape. However, the actual maintenance operation, due to a large green area, the configuration of many kinds of flower bulbs, maintenance workers, it is difficult for new varieties of flowering plants in groups will be timely stray cut off, resulting in flowering time is too long, affecting the arrival of the landscape.
Even so, as long as the design took note of these problems and avoid them in future work, bulbous flowers, or to avoid weaknesses and play its due effect of the landscape, with broad market use value.
2011年7月16日星期六
What cut flowers with water right?
Water quality is affected the performance of cut flowers the most important factor. Water shortage may lead to one of the most serious problems arise: wilting flowers and leaves. Different water quality on the vase life has positive and negative double impact.
Vase available water sources
The following sources can be used in real life:
- Water
- Rain
- Well water
- Deionized water
- Dialysis water
- Surface water
What kind of water the best?
the number of suitable pH value?
Water is the most common source of water, and readily available, but not all are suitable for vase flowers tap it? This is a difficult question, because there is no fixed standard for tap water at all. Different countries, regions, cities, even in the same city, the water quality is not the same. In addition, different parts of the water, its chemical composition, pH, organic matter and microbial contamination are very different. The water is usually neutral, the pH of 6 to 8 (Editor's Note: pH value from 0 to 14 is divided into fifteen other, the lower the number the more acidic, the higher the value the more alkaline).
In terms of cut flowers, low pH (4-5) in the vase solution pH value is much better than high. So cut post-harvest processing products (such as fresh can benefit Refreshing series) have a lower pH. This water can promote cut flowers, inhibit microbial growth. However, the pH is too low (below 4) is likely to back stem pale soft, such as gerbera and chrysanthemum.
Flowers on the most suitable for each kind of water, there is no exact answer. Probably for different flowers for different water quality; even for different varieties of a flower, the best water quality is not the same. Developed a variety of cut flower preservative are available fresh hope of profit, perhaps they can in many varieties of flowers, vase and water quality play a good role.
Suggest
Water quality affects the cut quality and postharvest handling results. To regularly check the water, and water usage in all aspects. Poor water quality can cause the following consequences:
- Reduce the water absorption capacity of plants
- Flowers blocked, shorter flowering
- The effect of reducing post-harvest handling
- Plant poisoning (such as iron, fluoride and boron content is too high)
Water hardness is to determine the water quality is an important indicator of the effect of fresh flowers, play a crucial role. In general, the softer the water is more suitable for vase flowers, too soft or tough it will shorten the vase life. Water is "soft" and "general" (German hardness units for the 4.2 and 16.8D) wide, more applicable to the vase of flowers.
Water hardness is a measure of calcium and magnesium ions in water content, the higher the hardness the higher levels. High hardness of the water is often associated with high alkaline and high conductivity, the water on the flowers of flowering, leaves, stems have adverse effects.
High alkaline water means a lot of acidic solution to lower the pH. Moderate water pH most suitable for flower arranging. Lee cut flowers can usually be placed in a vase preservative fluid pH value is between 4 to 5.5, slightly acidic. This can cut water to promote, but also reduce the breeding of germs. However, if the pH is too low, the stem will change color (such as gerbera and chrysanthemum). Ordinary tap water pH is 7.
Conductivity is a measure of water-soluble salt content, high conductivity is high. This value should not be too high (generally less than 500). Naarden in the Netherlands was taken near the water samples tested are considered suitable for insertion of cut flowers.
Vase available water sources
The following sources can be used in real life:
- Water
- Rain
- Well water
- Deionized water
- Dialysis water
- Surface water
What kind of water the best?
the number of suitable pH value?
Water is the most common source of water, and readily available, but not all are suitable for vase flowers tap it? This is a difficult question, because there is no fixed standard for tap water at all. Different countries, regions, cities, even in the same city, the water quality is not the same. In addition, different parts of the water, its chemical composition, pH, organic matter and microbial contamination are very different. The water is usually neutral, the pH of 6 to 8 (Editor's Note: pH value from 0 to 14 is divided into fifteen other, the lower the number the more acidic, the higher the value the more alkaline).
In terms of cut flowers, low pH (4-5) in the vase solution pH value is much better than high. So cut post-harvest processing products (such as fresh can benefit Refreshing series) have a lower pH. This water can promote cut flowers, inhibit microbial growth. However, the pH is too low (below 4) is likely to back stem pale soft, such as gerbera and chrysanthemum.
Flowers on the most suitable for each kind of water, there is no exact answer. Probably for different flowers for different water quality; even for different varieties of a flower, the best water quality is not the same. Developed a variety of cut flower preservative are available fresh hope of profit, perhaps they can in many varieties of flowers, vase and water quality play a good role.
Suggest
Water quality affects the cut quality and postharvest handling results. To regularly check the water, and water usage in all aspects. Poor water quality can cause the following consequences:
- Reduce the water absorption capacity of plants
- Flowers blocked, shorter flowering
- The effect of reducing post-harvest handling
- Plant poisoning (such as iron, fluoride and boron content is too high)
Water hardness is to determine the water quality is an important indicator of the effect of fresh flowers, play a crucial role. In general, the softer the water is more suitable for vase flowers, too soft or tough it will shorten the vase life. Water is "soft" and "general" (German hardness units for the 4.2 and 16.8D) wide, more applicable to the vase of flowers.
Water hardness is a measure of calcium and magnesium ions in water content, the higher the hardness the higher levels. High hardness of the water is often associated with high alkaline and high conductivity, the water on the flowers of flowering, leaves, stems have adverse effects.
High alkaline water means a lot of acidic solution to lower the pH. Moderate water pH most suitable for flower arranging. Lee cut flowers can usually be placed in a vase preservative fluid pH value is between 4 to 5.5, slightly acidic. This can cut water to promote, but also reduce the breeding of germs. However, if the pH is too low, the stem will change color (such as gerbera and chrysanthemum). Ordinary tap water pH is 7.
Conductivity is a measure of water-soluble salt content, high conductivity is high. This value should not be too high (generally less than 500). Naarden in the Netherlands was taken near the water samples tested are considered suitable for insertion of cut flowers.
2011年7月14日星期四
Integrated management techniques flower bulbs
Greenhouse cultivation of lily of the establishment of good is necessary. Should have sufficient air volume by selecting the capacity of the greenhouse, to achieve the optimum climate conditions lily, it also means to have enough space to install the shade in the greenhouse, irrigation and lighting facilities.
Greenhouse light transmission is very important, especially in the light of the lack of winter, insufficient light will lead off the lily buds and quality degradation. In the rest of the year, the greenhouse ventilation is necessary to reduce soil temperature and the temperature of the work.
In many parts of the heating system is necessary. Asian hybrids to be at room temperature in the greenhouse 8 ℃ to 14 ℃, while other species require temperature of 16 ℃.
To meet the temperature requirements, the general power of the greenhouse heating system takes about 220 watts per cubic meter per hour. As the heat pipe heat distribution better and easier to control the climate, which is the best choice, but can also be air heating system. To ensure the heating system can provide a satisfactory heat distribution, there is a burning hot to the export of free emission is important. If the heating system does not adjust, ethylene gas will enter the greenhouse cause bud drop. Of course, through the pipe or flexible hose (maximum temperature 40 ℃) buried in beds down for heating is also possible. And there is another advantage of the system to keep plants dry to prevent Botrytis fungus diseases.
Increased carbon dioxide in the air should be promoted. Lily because of its growth, flowering are very useful, and make plants more robust and reduce the drop buds. Carbon dioxide from the burner, the central boiler or pure carbon dioxide. If the greenhouse ventilators and doors are closed or kept to a minimum amount of ventilation, and there is enough light for the assimilation of carbon dioxide, in the morning light when you can begin to provide carbon dioxide, and maintained for several hours or even all day.
When there is light, for 24 hours to add carbon dioxide. For the control of carbon dioxide concentration at the appropriate level, is necessary to regularly check the use of simple instruments concentration of carbon dioxide. To prevent plant damage by carbon dioxide and ethylene, burning should be controlled in the best condition, and installation of security equipment in order to quickly reflect any possible problems.
Irrigation systems for the most important thing is to make the water distribution. Lack of water or too much water will impede the growth of lily, the small plant, some sensitive species or even dehydration.
Irrigation system is ideal, it allows uniform distribution of moisture and dust on plants can be washed. In addition, the relative humidity is low, the sprinkler system can also cool to the crop.
In the late planting, dense growth, use low or drip irrigation system to prevent high and top-heavy plants lodging, especially in the winter. In addition, to keep plants drier state, can reduce Botrytis infection bacteria may be. This is sensitive to the Botrytis fungus varieties and growing plants in areas of high humidity or high humidity the year when the plant is very important.
Sprinkler system must meet the following technical requirements: irrigation system in the 1.6 to 2.15 meters height between. The distance between the irrigation tube should be between 2.2 to 3.2 meters. The distance between adjacent nozzles is at least 1 meter. Each nozzle should be 4 liters per minute of water spray. Water pressure should be 1.5 to 2 bar (kg / square centimeter). Filter hole should be 1 to 400 microns.
Soil temperature
High-temperature period, cooling the soil by soil temperature remained normal. Cooling system into the soil 45 cm deep by a thin pipe, 4 tubes per bed. With cooling water or spring water to regulate soil temperature and keep it at the desired temperature. This can make the plant a higher, more robust, more bud meristem.
Light on lily growth and development of significant influence. Depending on the season, origin location, the amount of greenhouse light transmission and the different cultivars, to give the corresponding light.
Photosynthesis, light is insufficient light will cause poor plant growth, caused by lily buds off the plants become weak, shallow and leaves shortened vase life. Lilies need plenty of light to meet their development of flower buds. The lack of light in winter conditions, from the flower buds to 1-2 cm to the harvest, a large number of mutant white and down to go. Asian hybrid is off the buds of the most sensitive type, but in very different between the varieties. Less sensitive Lilium hybrids, Oriental hybrids less sensitive.
For winter cultivation, according to latitude and climate, growers must ensure that sufficient light penetration into the greenhouse. Not shade the greenhouse around, even with the shade of plastic film, the transmittance of the greenhouse will also greatly reduced. In the winter, should be planted varieties are not sensitive to light and the bulb should be appropriate to increase the distance between the planting.
Add light, lily bud should start 1-2 cm. Photosynthetic light is available every 10 square meters fitted with a special reflective capacity of 400 watt sun lamp to provide.
Day length day length affect flowering lily.
In the short day period, the artificial extension of day length can make some of the early flowering lily varieties.
Some of the varieties of Oriental hybrids, extending the length of the light is very beneficial. Spring planting new bulbs, planting cycle to last more than 100 days.
Artificially extend the day length is only applicable to spring planting new bulbs. If for fall planting, cultivation cycle will be shortened, but development is too fast, so the stem is not strong enough. 50% up from the buds, lily day length should be increased to 16 hours for 6 weeks or until you see the bud. Natural light there should be a day before or after the disappearance of the light bulb to extend the sunshine. But light can also be cycle (10 min illumination, 10 min dark), but the effect is not the way to good.
Extended light treatment, can enter the market in the spring Oriental hybrid lily earlier than others. Oriental hybrids, but will slightly shorter stems and buds off the possibility of increase.
When natural sunlight in 16 hours or more, to add sunshine has no meaning, because its role is too small.
From the control climate and in the winter to save energy point of view, the use of shading devices is necessary. An activity does not exclude too much light shade is ideal equipment. Especially in spring, autumn and winter light is weak, the plants of the light-sensitive conditions, should make maximum use of natural light. In the light more than the minimum required amount of light when coated with a layer of lime in a greenhouse roof or shade cloth (preferably outside in a greenhouse roof) coated with a layer of lime will be better. Time in the fall to remove the shade. Shade can also use the first three weeks after planting.
Make the best use of water vapor through the shade material.
1 Good soil structure and drainage is crucial for the success of cultivation. Need to have adequate soil moisture, nutrients and oxygen.
2 In the six weeks prior to planting, soil samples to be taken in order to obtain information on soil pH, total salinity, chlorine levels, etc., and to determine soil fertility.
3. Appropriate pH level of the lily root growth and mineral nutrient absorption is very important.
4 Lily of the salt sensitive. If the soil is too high content of salt and chlorine, then rinse thoroughly before planting soil.
5. If you need to fertilize it, should be adequate facilities in the three weeks before planting.
Lily can grow in all soils.
However, to ensure cultivation of the soil with a good structure, especially in the upper soil, and good throughout the growth stages of irrigation is very important. Adhesive strength of the soil is not suitable for cultivation of lilies. Best to keep the grass roots of the humus soil 30 cm thick, it can contain enough moisture in the soil of oxygen, the increase in the upper soil aeration. In addition to water and nutrients, the soil oxygen on lily development is also very important. Topsoil is not enough land application of ripening straw, rice bran, pine needles, a mixture of peat and other improvements.
Soil pH due to the lily root growth and mineral nutrient absorption is very important.
If the pH is too low, will lead to excessive absorption of mineral nutrients, such as manganese, sulfur and iron; However, the pH is too high, will lead to phosphorus, manganese and iron absorption deficiencies, resulting in nutrient deficiency disease. Asian hybrid lily and Lilium longiflorum, the soil pH 6 to 7 is normal; and hybrids of the East, the soil pH should be 5.5 to 6.5. In order to reduce the pH, peat can be applied to the topsoil. N urea and ammonium fertilizers, can also reduce soil pH.
Lily is a shallow-rooted plants, but it does require good soil to be irrigated, and at least 40 cm deep. With particular attention to is this: If the soil salt content is too high, the growing of two crops often need to dip between the flooded soil.
Lily is very sensitive to salt, high salt content can inhibit the absorption of water on the roots, which will affect the plant stem length. There are three levels of soil salinity impact factor:
1. The salinity of fertilizer
(2) irrigation water salinity
3 Previous Crops salinity
In the six weeks before planting Flower Bulbs, plant to extract soil samples to obtain information about soil pH, total salt content, total and mineral nutrition of the total amount of chlorine and other information. If higher levels of salt or chlorine, you should use the appropriate water rinse, wash the soil thoroughly to make sure, because it can prevent the degradation of soil structure. When using fresh organic fertilizer should ensure that salt is not too high, and be careful not to use large quantities of inorganic fertilizer.
According to the soil structure, nutrition, salt content, should be applied before planting the complete decomposition of organic fertilizer. Such as one ton per 100 square meters Shi decomposition of cow dung, can improve the soil play a role. However, in heavy clay soil quality and yield in rich manure application on soil structure often have the opposite effect, leading to soil hardening. Therefore, the use of peat or compost more appropriate analogues, sand or lava sand is also occasionally used, usually with fresh manure high salt.
Cultivation of the first three weeks, without a high level of nutrition lily. Then pay attention to cultivate roots, no salt damage is very important. For the shortage of soil nutrients, inorganic fertilizer can be applied such as: phosphorus, potassium, etc. (see soil analysis results), because during the dressing of these compounds in the cultivation is impossible. We know that Lily is very sensitive to the fluoride, which causes leaf zoom (especially soil pH is low), fluorine-containing fertilizers have been phosphate, phosphate, superphosphate and so on. We should not use fluoride in fertilizers, such as calcium phosphate.
Irrigation water salinity (EC) will affect the total soil salt content. Therefore, the salinity of irrigation water should be less than 0.5 (EC) or less. Water salinity (EC) is about 0.1. When a large number of irrigation and in the summer, spring or surface water salinity levels rise drastically. Lily of the irrigation water containing chlorinated compounds have the highest acceptable value, greenhouse irrigation water is 200 milligrams per liter, 450 mg per liter for the outdoors.
Use more than the standard water irrigation, the soil should remain wet in order to prevent the salt concentration is too high. If the soil is too dry, too high salt concentration occurs.
After arrival, the bulbs should be immediately to the wet soil types. Not frozen bulbs (new plants 12-2 months) and thaw bulbs should be planted in the same day or a day later.
The bulbs should be frozen slowly thawed, the bags are generally open on the 10 ℃ to 15 ℃ thawed. High-temperature thawing can cause reduced quality of lily. Once the bulbs after thawing, it can not be frozen, because there will be danger of frost damage. If it is not complete without a planting bulbs frozen and thawed, you can put them under 2 ℃ 0 ℃ to save, but can only be stored for 2 weeks; in under 5 ℃ 2 ℃ to save, can only store one week at the same time to open plastic bags.
Storage and storage temperature will cause a longer time to germinate. If you save the packing is not good, bulbs will dry dehydrated, resulting in shorter stem and bud decreased. In addition, the bulbous breathing reason, the inside temperature will be higher than the temperature of storage space, should be promptly cooled.
When the conditions are right, that is, plants growing there is sufficient sunlight and a sufficiently low temperature, it is best to use the smallest lily bulbs. However, if the shortage of winter in the sun too hot in summer or in cultivation, you should use a larger bulb. We should note that the East and some Asian groups in the hybrid cultivars, species often have large bulbous leaf margin scorch risk.
The choice also depends on bulb size required for flower quality. As a general rule, the smaller bulbs, each branch buds stems less; the shorter stems, more plants will be light.
Lily can be grown in the greenhouse glass or plastic greenhouses, or directly Zuoqi cultivated or planted in the box. Facilities to ensure the crops cultivated from harsh climate, but also easy to control the environment.
Only in those growing areas are suitable for the climate during the period, in order to make lily outdoor cultivation. The need for those outdoor growers realize strong winds, hail, frost, and Staphylococcus aureus disease on lily hazards.
Demanding outdoor cultivation cultivation and management techniques. To keep wetting, good drainage and irrigation systems. In the summer, in order to obtain sufficiently high stems, wind and shade facilities are very necessary. Also, select cultivars (varieties of long or short stem stem varieties) is also essential.
In the first three weeks of planting, lily bulbs before planting by the formation of roots to absorb water, oxygen and nutrients. Therefore, the cultivation of a vibrant, disease-free, fleshy bulbs are very important. Lily of the stem started to grow when the soil, that is buried in the earth of the stem and root when the soil began to grow, new roots will soon replace these bulbs, the plants provide more than 90% moisture and nutrients. Lily in order to harvest high-quality, long roots will certainly make good. To ensure that the roots can grow well, we should bear in mind the following points:
1 can only be lily planted in the soil of disease-free.
2 To ensure adequate soil cool. Before planting will take this into account, you can use shading, ventilation and cold water irrigation methods to cool the soil. Immediately after planting the soil covered with appropriate material, such as potting mix with fertilizer, rice bran, straw, etc., in order to prevent the intrusion of heat, dry or soil structure deterioration.
3 in the warm season, plant only in the morning or evening.
4 the temperature is high, should be postponed a day or two days planting.
5 In order to prevent the dry bulb planting time in the planting bed only when a small number of bulbs planted, or planted directly in its box.
6. The bulbs planted in wet soil, and have enough depth. Thickness of soil above the bulbs in the winter to 6-8 cm in the summer of 8 to 10 cm. To prevent the destruction of bulbous roots, soil tightness can not be too high.
Greenhouse light transmission is very important, especially in the light of the lack of winter, insufficient light will lead off the lily buds and quality degradation. In the rest of the year, the greenhouse ventilation is necessary to reduce soil temperature and the temperature of the work.
In many parts of the heating system is necessary. Asian hybrids to be at room temperature in the greenhouse 8 ℃ to 14 ℃, while other species require temperature of 16 ℃.
To meet the temperature requirements, the general power of the greenhouse heating system takes about 220 watts per cubic meter per hour. As the heat pipe heat distribution better and easier to control the climate, which is the best choice, but can also be air heating system. To ensure the heating system can provide a satisfactory heat distribution, there is a burning hot to the export of free emission is important. If the heating system does not adjust, ethylene gas will enter the greenhouse cause bud drop. Of course, through the pipe or flexible hose (maximum temperature 40 ℃) buried in beds down for heating is also possible. And there is another advantage of the system to keep plants dry to prevent Botrytis fungus diseases.
Increased carbon dioxide in the air should be promoted. Lily because of its growth, flowering are very useful, and make plants more robust and reduce the drop buds. Carbon dioxide from the burner, the central boiler or pure carbon dioxide. If the greenhouse ventilators and doors are closed or kept to a minimum amount of ventilation, and there is enough light for the assimilation of carbon dioxide, in the morning light when you can begin to provide carbon dioxide, and maintained for several hours or even all day.
When there is light, for 24 hours to add carbon dioxide. For the control of carbon dioxide concentration at the appropriate level, is necessary to regularly check the use of simple instruments concentration of carbon dioxide. To prevent plant damage by carbon dioxide and ethylene, burning should be controlled in the best condition, and installation of security equipment in order to quickly reflect any possible problems.
Irrigation systems for the most important thing is to make the water distribution. Lack of water or too much water will impede the growth of lily, the small plant, some sensitive species or even dehydration.
Irrigation system is ideal, it allows uniform distribution of moisture and dust on plants can be washed. In addition, the relative humidity is low, the sprinkler system can also cool to the crop.
In the late planting, dense growth, use low or drip irrigation system to prevent high and top-heavy plants lodging, especially in the winter. In addition, to keep plants drier state, can reduce Botrytis infection bacteria may be. This is sensitive to the Botrytis fungus varieties and growing plants in areas of high humidity or high humidity the year when the plant is very important.
Sprinkler system must meet the following technical requirements: irrigation system in the 1.6 to 2.15 meters height between. The distance between the irrigation tube should be between 2.2 to 3.2 meters. The distance between adjacent nozzles is at least 1 meter. Each nozzle should be 4 liters per minute of water spray. Water pressure should be 1.5 to 2 bar (kg / square centimeter). Filter hole should be 1 to 400 microns.
Soil temperature
High-temperature period, cooling the soil by soil temperature remained normal. Cooling system into the soil 45 cm deep by a thin pipe, 4 tubes per bed. With cooling water or spring water to regulate soil temperature and keep it at the desired temperature. This can make the plant a higher, more robust, more bud meristem.
Light on lily growth and development of significant influence. Depending on the season, origin location, the amount of greenhouse light transmission and the different cultivars, to give the corresponding light.
Photosynthesis, light is insufficient light will cause poor plant growth, caused by lily buds off the plants become weak, shallow and leaves shortened vase life. Lilies need plenty of light to meet their development of flower buds. The lack of light in winter conditions, from the flower buds to 1-2 cm to the harvest, a large number of mutant white and down to go. Asian hybrid is off the buds of the most sensitive type, but in very different between the varieties. Less sensitive Lilium hybrids, Oriental hybrids less sensitive.
For winter cultivation, according to latitude and climate, growers must ensure that sufficient light penetration into the greenhouse. Not shade the greenhouse around, even with the shade of plastic film, the transmittance of the greenhouse will also greatly reduced. In the winter, should be planted varieties are not sensitive to light and the bulb should be appropriate to increase the distance between the planting.
Add light, lily bud should start 1-2 cm. Photosynthetic light is available every 10 square meters fitted with a special reflective capacity of 400 watt sun lamp to provide.
Day length day length affect flowering lily.
In the short day period, the artificial extension of day length can make some of the early flowering lily varieties.
Some of the varieties of Oriental hybrids, extending the length of the light is very beneficial. Spring planting new bulbs, planting cycle to last more than 100 days.
Artificially extend the day length is only applicable to spring planting new bulbs. If for fall planting, cultivation cycle will be shortened, but development is too fast, so the stem is not strong enough. 50% up from the buds, lily day length should be increased to 16 hours for 6 weeks or until you see the bud. Natural light there should be a day before or after the disappearance of the light bulb to extend the sunshine. But light can also be cycle (10 min illumination, 10 min dark), but the effect is not the way to good.
Extended light treatment, can enter the market in the spring Oriental hybrid lily earlier than others. Oriental hybrids, but will slightly shorter stems and buds off the possibility of increase.
When natural sunlight in 16 hours or more, to add sunshine has no meaning, because its role is too small.
From the control climate and in the winter to save energy point of view, the use of shading devices is necessary. An activity does not exclude too much light shade is ideal equipment. Especially in spring, autumn and winter light is weak, the plants of the light-sensitive conditions, should make maximum use of natural light. In the light more than the minimum required amount of light when coated with a layer of lime in a greenhouse roof or shade cloth (preferably outside in a greenhouse roof) coated with a layer of lime will be better. Time in the fall to remove the shade. Shade can also use the first three weeks after planting.
Make the best use of water vapor through the shade material.
1 Good soil structure and drainage is crucial for the success of cultivation. Need to have adequate soil moisture, nutrients and oxygen.
2 In the six weeks prior to planting, soil samples to be taken in order to obtain information on soil pH, total salinity, chlorine levels, etc., and to determine soil fertility.
3. Appropriate pH level of the lily root growth and mineral nutrient absorption is very important.
4 Lily of the salt sensitive. If the soil is too high content of salt and chlorine, then rinse thoroughly before planting soil.
5. If you need to fertilize it, should be adequate facilities in the three weeks before planting.
Lily can grow in all soils.
However, to ensure cultivation of the soil with a good structure, especially in the upper soil, and good throughout the growth stages of irrigation is very important. Adhesive strength of the soil is not suitable for cultivation of lilies. Best to keep the grass roots of the humus soil 30 cm thick, it can contain enough moisture in the soil of oxygen, the increase in the upper soil aeration. In addition to water and nutrients, the soil oxygen on lily development is also very important. Topsoil is not enough land application of ripening straw, rice bran, pine needles, a mixture of peat and other improvements.
Soil pH due to the lily root growth and mineral nutrient absorption is very important.
If the pH is too low, will lead to excessive absorption of mineral nutrients, such as manganese, sulfur and iron; However, the pH is too high, will lead to phosphorus, manganese and iron absorption deficiencies, resulting in nutrient deficiency disease. Asian hybrid lily and Lilium longiflorum, the soil pH 6 to 7 is normal; and hybrids of the East, the soil pH should be 5.5 to 6.5. In order to reduce the pH, peat can be applied to the topsoil. N urea and ammonium fertilizers, can also reduce soil pH.
Lily is a shallow-rooted plants, but it does require good soil to be irrigated, and at least 40 cm deep. With particular attention to is this: If the soil salt content is too high, the growing of two crops often need to dip between the flooded soil.
Lily is very sensitive to salt, high salt content can inhibit the absorption of water on the roots, which will affect the plant stem length. There are three levels of soil salinity impact factor:
1. The salinity of fertilizer
(2) irrigation water salinity
3 Previous Crops salinity
In the six weeks before planting Flower Bulbs, plant to extract soil samples to obtain information about soil pH, total salt content, total and mineral nutrition of the total amount of chlorine and other information. If higher levels of salt or chlorine, you should use the appropriate water rinse, wash the soil thoroughly to make sure, because it can prevent the degradation of soil structure. When using fresh organic fertilizer should ensure that salt is not too high, and be careful not to use large quantities of inorganic fertilizer.
According to the soil structure, nutrition, salt content, should be applied before planting the complete decomposition of organic fertilizer. Such as one ton per 100 square meters Shi decomposition of cow dung, can improve the soil play a role. However, in heavy clay soil quality and yield in rich manure application on soil structure often have the opposite effect, leading to soil hardening. Therefore, the use of peat or compost more appropriate analogues, sand or lava sand is also occasionally used, usually with fresh manure high salt.
Cultivation of the first three weeks, without a high level of nutrition lily. Then pay attention to cultivate roots, no salt damage is very important. For the shortage of soil nutrients, inorganic fertilizer can be applied such as: phosphorus, potassium, etc. (see soil analysis results), because during the dressing of these compounds in the cultivation is impossible. We know that Lily is very sensitive to the fluoride, which causes leaf zoom (especially soil pH is low), fluorine-containing fertilizers have been phosphate, phosphate, superphosphate and so on. We should not use fluoride in fertilizers, such as calcium phosphate.
Irrigation water salinity (EC) will affect the total soil salt content. Therefore, the salinity of irrigation water should be less than 0.5 (EC) or less. Water salinity (EC) is about 0.1. When a large number of irrigation and in the summer, spring or surface water salinity levels rise drastically. Lily of the irrigation water containing chlorinated compounds have the highest acceptable value, greenhouse irrigation water is 200 milligrams per liter, 450 mg per liter for the outdoors.
Use more than the standard water irrigation, the soil should remain wet in order to prevent the salt concentration is too high. If the soil is too dry, too high salt concentration occurs.
After arrival, the bulbs should be immediately to the wet soil types. Not frozen bulbs (new plants 12-2 months) and thaw bulbs should be planted in the same day or a day later.
The bulbs should be frozen slowly thawed, the bags are generally open on the 10 ℃ to 15 ℃ thawed. High-temperature thawing can cause reduced quality of lily. Once the bulbs after thawing, it can not be frozen, because there will be danger of frost damage. If it is not complete without a planting bulbs frozen and thawed, you can put them under 2 ℃ 0 ℃ to save, but can only be stored for 2 weeks; in under 5 ℃ 2 ℃ to save, can only store one week at the same time to open plastic bags.
Storage and storage temperature will cause a longer time to germinate. If you save the packing is not good, bulbs will dry dehydrated, resulting in shorter stem and bud decreased. In addition, the bulbous breathing reason, the inside temperature will be higher than the temperature of storage space, should be promptly cooled.
When the conditions are right, that is, plants growing there is sufficient sunlight and a sufficiently low temperature, it is best to use the smallest lily bulbs. However, if the shortage of winter in the sun too hot in summer or in cultivation, you should use a larger bulb. We should note that the East and some Asian groups in the hybrid cultivars, species often have large bulbous leaf margin scorch risk.
The choice also depends on bulb size required for flower quality. As a general rule, the smaller bulbs, each branch buds stems less; the shorter stems, more plants will be light.
Lily can be grown in the greenhouse glass or plastic greenhouses, or directly Zuoqi cultivated or planted in the box. Facilities to ensure the crops cultivated from harsh climate, but also easy to control the environment.
Only in those growing areas are suitable for the climate during the period, in order to make lily outdoor cultivation. The need for those outdoor growers realize strong winds, hail, frost, and Staphylococcus aureus disease on lily hazards.
Demanding outdoor cultivation cultivation and management techniques. To keep wetting, good drainage and irrigation systems. In the summer, in order to obtain sufficiently high stems, wind and shade facilities are very necessary. Also, select cultivars (varieties of long or short stem stem varieties) is also essential.
In the first three weeks of planting, lily bulbs before planting by the formation of roots to absorb water, oxygen and nutrients. Therefore, the cultivation of a vibrant, disease-free, fleshy bulbs are very important. Lily of the stem started to grow when the soil, that is buried in the earth of the stem and root when the soil began to grow, new roots will soon replace these bulbs, the plants provide more than 90% moisture and nutrients. Lily in order to harvest high-quality, long roots will certainly make good. To ensure that the roots can grow well, we should bear in mind the following points:
1 can only be lily planted in the soil of disease-free.
2 To ensure adequate soil cool. Before planting will take this into account, you can use shading, ventilation and cold water irrigation methods to cool the soil. Immediately after planting the soil covered with appropriate material, such as potting mix with fertilizer, rice bran, straw, etc., in order to prevent the intrusion of heat, dry or soil structure deterioration.
3 in the warm season, plant only in the morning or evening.
4 the temperature is high, should be postponed a day or two days planting.
5 In order to prevent the dry bulb planting time in the planting bed only when a small number of bulbs planted, or planted directly in its box.
6. The bulbs planted in wet soil, and have enough depth. Thickness of soil above the bulbs in the winter to 6-8 cm in the summer of 8 to 10 cm. To prevent the destruction of bulbous roots, soil tightness can not be too high.
Regulation of flowering flower bulbs which way?
More types of bulb flowers, but whether it is spring or autumn planting bulbs plant flower bulbs, flower bud they are mostly carried out in the hot season. As the origin of Flower Bulbs of different climatic conditions, and thus the temperature requirements of different types is not the same, but most flower bulbs are all day-neutral plants flower when the photoperiod is no special requirements, only a few flowers, such as gladiolus, late Xiangyu and so is the long-day flowers. Bulbous flower bud is divided into two types: one type is the flower bud on the ground were completed before the Department of leaf growth; another type of flower bud in the leaf growth is carried out late. Most of autumn planting bulb flowers belonging to the former type, the optimum temperature for flower bud 17 ~ 18 ℃, if the temperature exceeds 20 ℃, not conducive to the flower bud. Daffodils, tulips and other flowering bud temperature than the temperature is low, so this type of perennial flowers in summer and autumn flower bud end, have to wait until the following year in early spring before flowering. Most part of the spring planting and autumn plant flower bulbs flower bulbs, part of the latter type, such as gladiolus, tuberose, lily, canna, etc. Gladiolus flower bud of the minimum temperature requirements above 10 ℃.
Regulation of flowering bulbous flowers often used the following measures:
(1) Select varieties, sowing, proper temperature control, this method is used to add lighting control gladiolus flowering, perennial flowers can be basically done. Selected early-type dwarf Canna flower seeds, planted in mid to late 11 within the heating in a hotbed of germination, the next spring planting in the open field, can be advanced to early May flowering; if the late-flowering species of choice, in mid-March on to the cooling bed in germination, frost after planting in the open field, flowering can be delayed until the end of October. Dahlia can choose suitable varieties flowering stages.
(2) bud control the temperature by temperature control, can have a perennial flower bud flowering earlier or later, it can extend the flowering plants are flowering. Daffodils, tulips, lilies and other bulb flowers are available this method mediation class flowering bulbs. Because these bulbs flower buds in the bulb to form, to enable its early flowering, usually as long as the bulbs after planting to provide the optimum temperature pumping raw stalk can blossom.
(3) to break dormancy bulbous bulbous flower has dormancy, spring flower bulbs planted winter dormancy; autumn planting bulb flowers in summer dormancy, the germination of bulbs, need to go through a dormant period or break stage. To break dormancy, usually low-temperature or high temperature treatment may also be used hormone treatment.
(4) extend the period of dormancy bulbs generally use a cool, dry and application of hormones and other methods, to extend the storage organs of dormancy can be delayed to flowering.
Regulation of flowering bulbous flowers often used the following measures:
(1) Select varieties, sowing, proper temperature control, this method is used to add lighting control gladiolus flowering, perennial flowers can be basically done. Selected early-type dwarf Canna flower seeds, planted in mid to late 11 within the heating in a hotbed of germination, the next spring planting in the open field, can be advanced to early May flowering; if the late-flowering species of choice, in mid-March on to the cooling bed in germination, frost after planting in the open field, flowering can be delayed until the end of October. Dahlia can choose suitable varieties flowering stages.
(2) bud control the temperature by temperature control, can have a perennial flower bud flowering earlier or later, it can extend the flowering plants are flowering. Daffodils, tulips, lilies and other bulb flowers are available this method mediation class flowering bulbs. Because these bulbs flower buds in the bulb to form, to enable its early flowering, usually as long as the bulbs after planting to provide the optimum temperature pumping raw stalk can blossom.
(3) to break dormancy bulbous bulbous flower has dormancy, spring flower bulbs planted winter dormancy; autumn planting bulb flowers in summer dormancy, the germination of bulbs, need to go through a dormant period or break stage. To break dormancy, usually low-temperature or high temperature treatment may also be used hormone treatment.
(4) extend the period of dormancy bulbs generally use a cool, dry and application of hormones and other methods, to extend the storage organs of dormancy can be delayed to flowering.
2011年7月13日星期三
Chinese flower industry is still in the low end of the world industrial chain
chinese flower industry is still in the low end of the world flower industry chain. From the industry-wide profit margins of view, although china is the world’s largest flower producing countries, but the yield per unit area, output and efficiency perspective, are still at a low stage. Chinese flower industry is still inefficient in high-speed, quantity expansion phase, not the flower industry resources into industrial advantages.
In the Netherlands, Colombia and other flowers in developed countries, the average annual production per square meter of land rose 250-500, while China alone produced more than 100 branches. More more backward in terms of varieties, the Netherlands, a newly launched flowers are often ordinary kind in China more than 10 times the price of flowers, and some even up to a hundredfold difference. Plus royalties, the presence of saplings, making China’s flower industry profit margin is very low.
Compared with developed countries, flower companies, domestic small-scale flower business, competition is weak, there is still no international impact of large enterprises. China flower producers are basically farmers and state-owned nursery production from developed on the basis of. To decentralized management, small-scale peasant as the main pattern has not fundamentally changed, production facilities and production technology level is still relatively backward. General performance of the production organization as “large” or “small”, low degree of specialization of production, small scale, weak competition in the market. Many enterprises have not only engaged in the introduction, complex types of testing, but also engage in production, management and marketing; both the production of cut flowers and potted plant production, trade-off. An inability to form their own characteristics and competitive products, can only compete with each other at a low level, operating the road gets narrower.
Flowers layout from China, China’s flower industry around has not been effectively integrated, production layout is unreasonable, low-level, redundant construction seriously. By market interests and the government industrial planning drive, many Chinese provinces of quick success, swarmed investment flower industry is currently very serious situation. Many regions are trying to grow every flower, the garden-style production structure is very common. Some areas do not take account of local climatic conditions, regional consumption, the blind development of cut flowers production, resulting in low-level duplicated construction investment and blind. Flower production yield is low, poor quality, the flower industry in China has created a significant negative impact.
Since at a low level, relatively simple species, the Chinese flower industry can easily be imitated in other countries, now Vietnam, Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries to imitate China’s flower industry has had a great threat. According to some experts to do business florist flower Southeast Asia, told reporters last three years, Vietnam, Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries in the flower industry is developing very fast. Before their own, such as Thailand are not many species of flowers, but now many species with similar flowers in Kunming, although the quality than the Chinese badly, but because the local production of local sales, there is a great advantage. With more than China, Vietnam is still low labor costs, in the flower industry on China poses a greater threat. Currently, the market in Southeast Asia, Vietnam rose with the price advantage has been highlighted different military, domestic florists, flower growers generally feel a huge threat.
Urgent need to shift from labor-intensive and technology-intensive
Chinese flower industry in the world flower industry a long chain of low-end, the Chinese flower industry’s future development prospects are very uncertain, this objective needs of Chinese flower industry on industrial upgrading as soon as possible, out of the low-end chain. To achieve this goal, we must make the flower industry in China as soon as possible from the labor-intensive to technology-intensive.
China’s flower industry to strengthen the R & D capacity, so China has to enter the international market, with independent intellectual property rights of new varieties of flowers. According to the investigation by the reporter, currently represented by many Chinese Yunnan province has begun to guide the province’s flower industry to make the difficult transformation and upgrading, and increased investment in research and development of independent intellectual property rights of flowers.
Flower industry in Yunnan Jinyuan Co., Ltd. is engaged in flower production and sales of China’s largest private enterprise, company executive vice president of Fei-Peng Lee told reporters that several years ago the company set up its own R & D department of flowers, has introduced more than 20 research personnel, as of the end of May this year, has developed a proprietary 23 flowers, has become the intellectual property currently has the largest flower company. “These flowers not only make our own intellectual property rights have the confidence to continue to maintain the advantage on the market in Southeast Asia, is more important is that we have a flower into the mainstream consumer market in the world may be.”
“However, the difficulties of transition full flower industry is also very large, there are two main issues, namely lack of funds, the second is lack of talent.” Fei-Peng Lee said.
Lack of funds is the flower business transformation process of the most troublesome problems. According to the investigation by the reporter, the rapid development of Japan’s flower industry, the reason to increase the capital investment is an important factor. Japanese government attaches great importance to investment in research funding. Flowers of Japan in the year to invest more than 500 billion yen, of which the government invested more than 200 billion yen. Countries have research and experimental base, counties, cities, towns also have their own institutes or test site. State, county government established by the research unit’s research facilities, advanced equipment, well-resourced, the average R & D staff have research funding 5 million yen.
The Chinese investment in research on very small flowers, such as China’s largest flower production in Yunnan province, the government only invested each year 800-10000000 yuan. Coupled with the flower companies are agricultural enterprises, loans to agricultural enterprises in China and very difficult, can not flower as mortgages, making China the flower business investment in research funding is very small, difficult to develop new varieties of flowers.
In terms of talents, China’s flower business, the very small proportion of students have studied the ability of the flowers is even more scarce. China engaged in the production and sales of flowers as the largest private enterprises in Yunnan Flower Industry Co., Ltd. Jinyuan more than 20 researchers, new varieties of flowers can not meet the needs of research subjects.
Blue chip market growth potential
Funds from various quarters are crowding the flower industry
With the transformation of the flower industry, with domestic and international markets, the domestic flower industry chain are maturing and improving the environment of government policies, China’s flower industry is now increasingly becoming the new hot spot for domestic and foreign investment, but also began to venture capital speculation large numbers, the majority of investors need to guard against this in advance.
In the Netherlands, Colombia and other flowers in developed countries, the average annual production per square meter of land rose 250-500, while China alone produced more than 100 branches. More more backward in terms of varieties, the Netherlands, a newly launched flowers are often ordinary kind in China more than 10 times the price of flowers, and some even up to a hundredfold difference. Plus royalties, the presence of saplings, making China’s flower industry profit margin is very low.
Compared with developed countries, flower companies, domestic small-scale flower business, competition is weak, there is still no international impact of large enterprises. China flower producers are basically farmers and state-owned nursery production from developed on the basis of. To decentralized management, small-scale peasant as the main pattern has not fundamentally changed, production facilities and production technology level is still relatively backward. General performance of the production organization as “large” or “small”, low degree of specialization of production, small scale, weak competition in the market. Many enterprises have not only engaged in the introduction, complex types of testing, but also engage in production, management and marketing; both the production of cut flowers and potted plant production, trade-off. An inability to form their own characteristics and competitive products, can only compete with each other at a low level, operating the road gets narrower.
Flowers layout from China, China’s flower industry around has not been effectively integrated, production layout is unreasonable, low-level, redundant construction seriously. By market interests and the government industrial planning drive, many Chinese provinces of quick success, swarmed investment flower industry is currently very serious situation. Many regions are trying to grow every flower, the garden-style production structure is very common. Some areas do not take account of local climatic conditions, regional consumption, the blind development of cut flowers production, resulting in low-level duplicated construction investment and blind. Flower production yield is low, poor quality, the flower industry in China has created a significant negative impact.
Since at a low level, relatively simple species, the Chinese flower industry can easily be imitated in other countries, now Vietnam, Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries to imitate China’s flower industry has had a great threat. According to some experts to do business florist flower Southeast Asia, told reporters last three years, Vietnam, Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries in the flower industry is developing very fast. Before their own, such as Thailand are not many species of flowers, but now many species with similar flowers in Kunming, although the quality than the Chinese badly, but because the local production of local sales, there is a great advantage. With more than China, Vietnam is still low labor costs, in the flower industry on China poses a greater threat. Currently, the market in Southeast Asia, Vietnam rose with the price advantage has been highlighted different military, domestic florists, flower growers generally feel a huge threat.
Urgent need to shift from labor-intensive and technology-intensive
Chinese flower industry in the world flower industry a long chain of low-end, the Chinese flower industry’s future development prospects are very uncertain, this objective needs of Chinese flower industry on industrial upgrading as soon as possible, out of the low-end chain. To achieve this goal, we must make the flower industry in China as soon as possible from the labor-intensive to technology-intensive.
China’s flower industry to strengthen the R & D capacity, so China has to enter the international market, with independent intellectual property rights of new varieties of flowers. According to the investigation by the reporter, currently represented by many Chinese Yunnan province has begun to guide the province’s flower industry to make the difficult transformation and upgrading, and increased investment in research and development of independent intellectual property rights of flowers.
Flower industry in Yunnan Jinyuan Co., Ltd. is engaged in flower production and sales of China’s largest private enterprise, company executive vice president of Fei-Peng Lee told reporters that several years ago the company set up its own R & D department of flowers, has introduced more than 20 research personnel, as of the end of May this year, has developed a proprietary 23 flowers, has become the intellectual property currently has the largest flower company. “These flowers not only make our own intellectual property rights have the confidence to continue to maintain the advantage on the market in Southeast Asia, is more important is that we have a flower into the mainstream consumer market in the world may be.”
“However, the difficulties of transition full flower industry is also very large, there are two main issues, namely lack of funds, the second is lack of talent.” Fei-Peng Lee said.
Lack of funds is the flower business transformation process of the most troublesome problems. According to the investigation by the reporter, the rapid development of Japan’s flower industry, the reason to increase the capital investment is an important factor. Japanese government attaches great importance to investment in research funding. Flowers of Japan in the year to invest more than 500 billion yen, of which the government invested more than 200 billion yen. Countries have research and experimental base, counties, cities, towns also have their own institutes or test site. State, county government established by the research unit’s research facilities, advanced equipment, well-resourced, the average R & D staff have research funding 5 million yen.
The Chinese investment in research on very small flowers, such as China’s largest flower production in Yunnan province, the government only invested each year 800-10000000 yuan. Coupled with the flower companies are agricultural enterprises, loans to agricultural enterprises in China and very difficult, can not flower as mortgages, making China the flower business investment in research funding is very small, difficult to develop new varieties of flowers.
In terms of talents, China’s flower business, the very small proportion of students have studied the ability of the flowers is even more scarce. China engaged in the production and sales of flowers as the largest private enterprises in Yunnan Flower Industry Co., Ltd. Jinyuan more than 20 researchers, new varieties of flowers can not meet the needs of research subjects.
Blue chip market growth potential
Funds from various quarters are crowding the flower industry
With the transformation of the flower industry, with domestic and international markets, the domestic flower industry chain are maturing and improving the environment of government policies, China’s flower industry is now increasingly becoming the new hot spot for domestic and foreign investment, but also began to venture capital speculation large numbers, the majority of investors need to guard against this in advance.
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